Immunology of Infectious Disease News

Immunology of Infectious Disease News is an online resource dedicated to covering the latest research and developments in the field of infectious diseases.

Parechovirus Infection in Human Brain Organoids: Host Innate Inflammatory Response and Not Neuro-Infectivity Correlates to Neurologic Disease

[Nature Communications] Researchers expanded their current understanding of these differences in parechovirus A3 (PeV-A) central nervous system (CNS) disease using human brain organoids and clinical isolates of the two PeV-A genotypes. Their data indicated that PeV-A1 and A3 specific differences in neurological disease are not due to infectivity of CNS cells as both viruses productively infect brain organoids with a similar cell tropism.

Foiling Deadly Prions

[Science] Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the most prominent of the handful of diseases, all fatal, that result when prions, proteins of uncertain function that are abundant in the brain, misfold into an infective form that spreads widely. The aberrant proteins convert normal prions to their malevolent shape as they add them, like rungs on a ladder, to growing, ropy aggregates that destroy neurons, effectively chewing holes in the brain.

Intestinal Tuft Cell Immune Privilege Enables Norovirus Persistence

To examine how tuft cells promote immune escape, investigators interrogated tuft cell interactions with CD8+ T cells by adoptively transferring just EGFP death inducing...

Roche Receives FDA Approval for the First Molecular Test to Screen for Malaria in Blood Donors

Investigators improved their understanding of smallpox vaccination-mediated cross-reactivity to other orthopox viruses, and the long-lasting durability of childhood smallpox vaccination-mediated immune responses including in...

IFN-λ Drives Distinct Lung Immune Landscape Changes and Antiviral Responses in Human Metapneumovirus Infection

[mBio] Scientists showed that type III interferon (IFN-λ) was highly upregulated during human metapneumovirus infection in vitro in human and mouse airway epithelial cells and in vivo in mice. They found through several immunological and molecular assays that type II alveolar cells are the primary producers of IFN-λ.

ACE2-Dependent and -Independent SARS-CoV-2 Entries Dictate Viral Replication and Inflammatory Response During Infection

[Nature Cell Biology] Investigators revealed that ACE2-dependent and -independent entries of SARS-CoV-2 in epithelial cells versus myeloid cells dictate viral replication and inflammatory responses.

Organ-on-Chip Models for Infectious Disease Research

[Nature Microbiology] The authors review various organ-on-chip models and how they have been applied for infectious disease research. They outline the properties that make them valuable tools in microbiology, such as dynamic microenvironments, vascularization, near-physiological tissue constitutions and partial integration of functional immune cells, as well as their limitations.

TOLLIP Inhibits Lipid Accumulation and the Integrated Stress Response in Alveolar Macrophages to Control Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

[Nature Microbiology] Researchers showed that tuberculosis severity was increased in Tollip−/− mice, characterized by macrophage- and T cell-driven inflammation, foam cell formation, and lipid accumulation.

Prior Infection with Unrelated Neurotropic Virus Exacerbates Influenza Disease and Impairs Lung T Cell Responses

[Nature Communications] Researchers established a mouse model of co-infection with unrelated viruses, influenza A (IAV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV), causing disease in different organ systems. SFV infection eight days before IAV infection results in prolonged IAV replication, elevated cytokine/chemokine levels and exacerbated lung pathology.

SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein Impairs Airway Epithelial Barrier Function and Exacerbates Airway Inflammation via Increased Intracellular Cl− Concentration

[Signal Transduction And Targeted Therapy] The pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 E protein on airway epithelial barrier function, Cl transport and the robust inflammatory response remain to be elucidated. Scientists demonstrated that E protein down-regulated the expression of tight junctional proteins, leading to the disruption of the airway epithelial barrier.

Mpox-Specific Immune Responses Elicited by Vaccination or Infection in People Living with HIV

[Journal Of Infectious Diseases] Investigators improved their understanding of smallpox vaccination-mediated cross-reactivity to other orthopox viruses, and the long-lasting durability of childhood smallpox vaccination-mediated immune responses including in people living with HIV.

Monocyte-Mediated Thrombosis Linked to Circulating Tissue Factor and Immune Paralysis in COVID-19

[Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology] Researchers used systems biology approaches including proteomics, transcriptomics, and mass cytometry to define the circulating proteome and circulating immune cell phenotypes in subjects with COVID-19.

Immunology of Infectious Disease News was founded to keep the scientific community current with the latest developments in infectious disease research. We feature high-impact publications, news, jobs, and events focused on immune responses to and the development of treatments for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, and malaria.

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