SCIENCE NEWSResearchers Uncover New Ovarian Cancer Gene (A Connection Between Cancer and Endometriosis)
Researchers reveal a major new cancer gene – ARID1A. Mutations are frequent in this gene and link two types of ovarian cancer to endometriosis. [Press release from the British Columbia Cancer Agency discussing online prepublication in the New England Journal of Medicine]Twins Help Researchers to Find Genes for Blindness
Using data collected from over 1,000 sets of twins, research has uncovered genes that affect eyesight as part of several conditions. Researchers discovered a new gene for myopia and new genes affecting glaucoma risk. [Press release from the Queensland Institute of Medical Research discussing online prepublication in Nature Genetics] Lung Cancer Culprit Could Offer Target for Therapy
A tiny molecule that spurs the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer could become a player in fighting the disease, say researchers. [Press release from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center discussing online prepublication in Cancer Cell] Biologists Find Way to Reduce Stem Cell Loss During Cancer Treatment
Biologists have discovered that a gene critical for programmed cell death is also important in the loss of adult stem cells, a finding that could help to improve the health and well-being of patients undergoing cancer treatment. [Press release from the University of California, San Diego discussing online prepublication in Nature Cell Biology] How Physical Environment Influences Stem Cell Development
Recent research has revealed how physical qualities — and not only chemical ones — may have an influence in determining how adult stem cells from the bone marrow develop into differentiated ones. [Press release from ScienceDaily discussing online prepublication in Nature Physics] Scientist Identifies New Gene for Memory
A scientist has for the first time identified a new gene that is required for memory formation in Drosophila. [Press release from the Scripps Research Institute discussing online prepublication in Neuron] With HMGB1's Help, Cells Dine In
A team led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute discovered a link between autophagy and the protein HMGB1. [Press release from EurekAlert! discussing online prepublication in the Journal of Cell Biology] Scientists Create New Process to “Program” Cancer Cell Death
Researchers have engineered a fundamentally new approach to killing cancer cells. The process uses small RNA molecules that can be programmed to attack only specific cancer cells; then, by changing shape, those molecules cause the cancer cells to self-destruct. [Press release from the California Institute of Technology discussing online prepublication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA] Cloud Computing Method Greatly Increases Gene Analysis
Researchers have developed new software that greatly improves the speed at which scientists can analyze RNA sequencing data. [Press release from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health discussing online prepublication in Genome Biology] Regenerative Cellular Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease Extends Survival
Rodents with chronic kidney disease were treated with healthy kidney cells to catalyze the regeneration of functional kidney tissue and delay disease progression, as evidenced by extended survival, improved kidney filtration, and reduced severity of kidney tissue pathology. [Press release from Tengion, Inc. discussing online prepublication in the American Journal of Physiology Renal Physiology] Third Generation Map of Human Genetic Variation Published
An international consortium today published a third-generation map of human genetic variation, called the HapMap, which includes data from an additional seven global populations, increasing the total number to 11 populations. [National Institutes of Health Press Release] UCSF Unveils Model for Implantable Artificial Kidney to Replace Dialysis
Researchers unveiled a prototype model of the first implantable artificial kidney, in a development that one day could eliminate the need for dialysis. [University of California, San Francisco Press Release] CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal) ARID1A Mutations in Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Carcinomas
Data implicate ARID1A as a tumor-suppressor gene frequently disrupted in ovarian clear-cell and endometrioid carcinomas. Since ARID1A mutation and loss of BAF250a can be seen in the preneoplastic lesions, researchers speculate that this is an early event in the transformation of endometriosis into cancer. [N Engl J Med] Selectivity Mechanism of the Nuclear Pore Complex Characterized by Single Cargo Tracking
Researchers show that import proceeds by successive substeps comprising cargo capture, filtering and translocation, and release into the nucleus. [Nature] A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Susceptibility Locus for Refractive Errors and Myopia at 15q14
Data suggest that common variants at 15q14 influence susceptibility for refractive errors in the general population. [Nat Genet] Common Variants Near CAV1 and CAV2 are Associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
The risk variant identified here is located close to CAV1 and CAV2, both of which are expressed in the trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. [Nat Genet] Modulation of K-Ras-Dependent Lung Tumorigenesis by MicroRNA-21
Researchers show that overexpression of MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) enhances tumorigenesis and that genetic deletion of miR-21 partially protects against tumor formation. [Cancer Cell] Puma Is Required for p53-Induced Depletion of Adult Stem Cells
Findings suggest a key role of p53-dependent apoptosis in depleting adult stem cells after the accumulation of DNA damage, which leads to a decrease in tissue regeneration. [Nat Cell Biol] Optimal Matrix Rigidity for Stress-Fiber Polarization in Stem Cells
Researchers present a theoretical model and experiments demonstrating that the alignment of stress fibers within stem cells is a non-monotonic function of matrix rigidity. [Nat Phys] Gilgamesh Is Required for rutabaga-Independent Olfactory Learning in Drosophila
Researchers identified alleles of the gilgamesh (gish) gene, which encodes a casein kinase I(gamma) homolog that is preferentially expressed in the mushroom body neurons. [Neuron] Endogenous HMGB1 Regulates Autophagy
Endogenous HMGB1 is a critical pro-autophagic protein that enhances cell survival and limits programmed apoptotic cell death. [J Cell Biol] Selective Cell Death Mediated by Small Conditional RNAs
Results indicate that programmable mechanical transduction with small conditional RNAs represents a fundamental principle for exploring therapeutic conditional regulation in living cells. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] Role of Symmetric and Asymmetric Division of Stem Cells in Developing Drug Resistance
Researchers derived a previously undescribed estimate of the probability of developing drug resistance by the time a tumor is detected and calculate the expected number of resistant cancer stem cells at the time of tumor detection. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 
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