Endothelial Cell News Volume 3.17 | May 14 2018

TOP STORY

Notch Signaling Specifies Arterial-Type Definitive Hemogenic Endothelium from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Using a chemically defined human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system combined with the use of DLL1-Fc and DAPT to manipulate NOTCH, the authors discover that NOTCH activation in hPSC-derived immature hemogenic endothelium (HE) progenitors leads to formation of CD144⁺CD43⁻CD73⁻DLL4⁺Runx1 + 23-GFP⁺ arterial-type HE, which requires NOTCH signaling to undergo endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and produce definitive lympho-myeloid and erythroid cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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Lipophilic Components of Diesel Exhaust Particles Induce Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Endothelial Cells through AhR Dependent Pathway(s)

Investigators explored the ability of organic chemicals from diesel exhaust particles to reach the endothelium and trigger pro-inflammatory reactions, a central step on the path to atherosclerosis. [Part Fibre Toxicol] Full Article

DYRK1A Kinase Positively Regulates Angiogenic Responses in Endothelial Cells

Scientists showed that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family member DYRK1A positively regulates VEGF-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells transcriptional responses in primary endothelial cells. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Automated Deep Learning-Based System to Identify Endothelial Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Researchers used deep learning in convolutional neural networks to establish an automated method to identify endothelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, without the need for immunostaining or lineage tracing. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Endothelial Akt1 Loss Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis via β-Catenin-Regulated Tight-Junction Protein Turnover

Scientists showed that metastatic human PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells invade through Akt1-deficient human lung endothelial cell (HLEC) monolayer with higher efficiency compared to control HLEC. Although the endothelial Akt1 loss in mice had no significant effect on RM1 tumor xenograft growth in vivo, it promoted metastasis to the lungs compared to the wild-type mice. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Proangiogenic Effects of Tumor Cells on Endothelial Progenitor Cells Vary with Tumor Type in an In Vitro and In Vivo Rat Model

Researchers investigated the influence of four different tumor types on angiogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in an in vitro and in vivo rat model. The proangiogenic effect of mammary carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells was more pronounced compared to colon carcinoma cells. [FASEB J] Abstract

Endothelial Barrier Function Is Differentially Regulated by CEACAM1-Mediated Signaling

The authors showed that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) deficiency causes subcellular eNOS redistribution in endothelial cells and alters endothelial glycocalyx that confers antiadhesive properties to the endothelium. [FASEB J] Abstract

Autophagic Degradation of Caveolin-1 Promotes Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Defenestration

Researchers explored the role of autophagic degradation of caveolin-1 in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells defenestration. In vivo, they found the increase of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelium in human fibrotic liver. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

cxcl12-Engineered Endothelial Progenitor Cells Enhance Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis after Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice

Scientists used lentivirus (LV) to deliver cxcl12 gene into human umbilical cord blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to generate the engineered CXCL12-EPCs, which were then delivered into the perifocal region at one week after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion to investigate the effects of CXCL12-EPCs on the functional recovery and angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and remyelination in ischemic stroke mice. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Notch Signaling Promotes Angiogenesis and Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction

Using cultured HUVECs exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), investigators demonstrated that H/R inhibited the proliferation, VEGF secretion, and tube formation of HUVECs, and these effects were correlated with the inhibition of Notch signaling. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

Three-Dimensional Tubule Formation Assay as Therapeutic Screening Model for Ocular Microvascular Disorders

The authors adapted a 3D in vitro angiogenesis model to the ophthalmology field using retinal endothelial cells. This system was applied to assess the angiogenic capacity of aqueous humor from patients with ocular disorders, and to test the effect of VEGF inhibitor on induced angiogenesis. [Eye] Abstract

Human Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity

Scientists investigated the properties of endothelial cells (ECs), isolated from four human major organs − heart, lung, liver, and kidneys in individual fetal tissues at three months gestation, at gene expression and cellular function levels. They showed that organ-specific ECs have distinct expression patterns of gene clusters, which support their specific organ development and functions. [iScience] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Polarized VEGFA Signaling at Vascular Blood-Neural Barriers

At blood-neural barriers, endothelial VEGFA signaling is highly polarized, with entirely different responses being triggered by luminal or abluminal stimulation. These recent findings were made in a field which is still in its mechanistic infancy. For a long time, endothelial polarity has intuitively been presumed, and likened to that of epithelial cells, but rarely demonstrated. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the endothelial cell research field.

£4M Bid to Find Therapies that Prompt Tissues to Repair

Stem cell scientists, tissue engineers and clinician scientists at Centre for Regenerative Medicine and elsewhere are to join forces to investigate methods of promoting tissue repair in the liver, lungs and joints. The £4 million project seeks to better understand the environment in which stem cells grow in the body, known as the niche. [Centre for Regenerative Medicine] Press Release

AstraZeneca, SWIBCo Launch Stem Cell Cardiovascular Therapy Collaboration

AstraZeneca will develop novel cardiovascular and catheter-based therapies using Procella Therapeutics’ stem cell technology and Smartwise’s catheter injection method. [AstraZeneca (Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News)] Press Release

FDA Seeks Permanent Injunctions against Two Stem Cell Clinics

The FDA, in two complaints filed in federal court, is seeking permanent injunctions to stop two stem cell clinics from marketing stem cell products without FDA approval and for significant deviations from current good manufacturing practice requirements. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] Press Release

Hungarian Scientists Are on Edge As Country Is Poised to Force Out Top University

In early April, several days after Viktor Orbán secured his third consecutive term—and fourth overall—as Hungarian prime minister with a landslide victory for his conservative party, the pro-government paper Figyelő; published a list of more than 200 people it called “mercenaries” of George Soros, the American-Hungarian billionaire philanthropist. The list included investigative journalists and human rights advocates—and 30 academics from the Soros-founded, Budapest-based Central European University. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Release of Three Americans by North Korea Bolsters Hopes for Academic Diplomacy

The release of three Americans by North Korea is being welcomed in the United States. Leaders of the Pyongyang University of Science and Technology in North Korea also see the move as good news, and are hoping it might ultimately lead to the end of a travel ban that has prevented its U.S. instructors from teaching classes. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 8^th Meeting of the European Club for Liver Cell Biology (ECLCB-8)
October 4-6, 2018
Bonn, Germany

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cell Ion Channels (The University of Tennessee)

NEW PhD Positions – Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism (VIB)

Research Technologist – Endothelial Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

PhD Student – Hepatic Endothelial Cells (German Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Structural Biology (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Position – Stem Cells, Regenerative Biology (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Endothelial Cell Biology (KU Leuven)

Assistant/Associate/Full Professor – Translational and Vascular Biology (University of Texas Health Science Center)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Vascular Control of Adipose Tissue Metabolism (German Cancer Research Center)

PhD Student – Hepatic Endothelial Cells (German Cancer Research Center)

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