Extracellular Matrix News Volume 9.49 | Dec 13 2018

TOP STORY

Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors

Researchers showed that irisin bound to proteins of the αV class of integrins, and biophysical studies identified interacting surfaces between irisin and αV/β5 integrin. Chemical inhibition of the αV integrins blocked signaling and function by irisin in osteocytes and fat cells. Irisin increases both osteocytic survival and production of sclerostin, a local modulator of bone remodeling. [Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Galectin-8 Favors the Presentation of Surface-Tethered Antigens by Stabilizing the B Cell Immune Synapse

Investigators showed that the expression of galectin-8-a glycan-binding protein found in the extracellular milieu, which regulates interactions between cells and matrix proteins-was increased within lymph nodes under inflammatory conditions where it enhanced B cell arrest phases upon antigen recognition in vivo and promoted synapse formation during BCR recognition of immobilized antigens. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Crk Adaptor Proteins Mediate Actin-Dependent T Cell Migration and Mechanosensing Induced by the Integrin LFA-1

Scientists found that T cells from mice lacking expression of the adaptor protein Crk exhibited defects in phenotypes induced by the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), namely, actin polymerization, leading edge formation, and 2D cell migration. [Sci Signal] Abstract

MMP14 Empowers Tumor-Initiating Breast Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Nutrient-Depleted Conditions

Inhibitor treatment of metalloproteinases, as well as short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (Mmp14) strongly impacted tumor-initiating cell characteristics, including tumor initiation, cell growth, migration, and invasion, especially in starved environments. [FASEB J] Abstract

Collagen Biomaterial Stimulates the Production of Extracellular Vesicles Containing MicroRNA-21 and Enhances the Proangiogenic Function of CD34⁺ Cells

Compared to the fibronectin control substrate, biomaterial-cultured CD34⁺ cells from healthy donors had enhanced proliferation, migration toward VEGF, angiogenic potential, and increased secretion of CD63⁺CD81⁺ extracellular vesicles. [FASEB J] Abstract

Down-Regulation of Laminin (LN)- α5 Is Associated with Preeclampsia and Impairs Trophoblast Cell Viability and Invasiveness through PI3K Signaling Pathway

Laminin (LN)-α5 expression levels in preeclampsia placentas were significantly lower than that of normal pregnancies. Deficiency in LN-α5 expression resulted in decreased trophoblast proliferation and invasion but increased cell apoptosis, meanwhile, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was impaired by LN-α5 silencing. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

CASP4 Gene Silencing in Epithelial Cancer Cells Leads to Impairment of Cell Migration, Cell-Matrix Adhesion and Tissue Invasion

The authors showed that down-regulation of caspase-4 (CASP4) led to impaired cell migration and cell-matrix adhesion. This phenotype was accompanied by an increased actin cytoskeleton polymerization, changes in the overall organization of adherens junctions and number and size of focal adhesions. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Type I Collagen Deposition via Osteoinduction Ameliorates YAP/TAZ Activity in 3D Floating Culture Clumps of Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Extracellular Matrix Complexes

Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) activity, filamentous actin integrity, collagen type I production, and the differentiation potency in 3D floating culture mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/ECM complexes (C-MSCs)/osteoinductive medium treated-C-MSCs were analyzed. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Fibrin Glue Displays Promising In Vitro Characteristics as a Potential Carrier of Adipose Progenitor Cells for Tissue Regeneration

Scientists investigated cell-fibrin interactions, and analyzed the distribution and the long-term behavior of adipose-derived multipotent stem/progenitor cells cultivated in fibrin gel under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract

Fabrication, Modeling and Optimization of Lyophilized Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin in Combination with Collagen-Chitosan as a Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane

Lyophilized advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) was used in combination with collagen-chitosan membrane to combine the advantages of both collagen and A-PRF membranes. Cell viability of mesenchymal stem cells was improved by both increasing chitosan/collagen weight ratio and A-PRF concentration. [Int J Biol Macromol] Abstract

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Laminin G-Like Domains: Dystroglycan-Specific Lectins

New structural insights are applied to the growing number of laminin G-like (LG) domain-containing proteins that bind dystroglycan. It is proposed that LG domains be recognised as ‘D-type’ lectins to indicate their conserved function in dystroglycan binding. [Curr Opin Struct Biol] Full Article

Concise Review: The Endothelial Cell Extracellular Matrix Regulates Tissue Homeostasis and Repair

The authors describe how the perivascular ECM functions as a signaling platform and how this knowledge can impact the field of regenerative medicine, for example, when designing artificial matrices or using decellularized scaffolds from organs. [Stem Cells Transl Med] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the extracellular matrix research field.

Anika to Showcase HYALOFAST

Anika Therapeutics, Inc. announced plans to showcase its entire orthobiologics franchise, including HYALOFAST. HYALOFAST is a non-woven, single-step, off-the-shelf, biodegradable hyaluronic acid-based scaffold for hyaline-like cartilage regeneration to treat cartilage injuries and defects. [Press release from Anika Therapeutics, Inc. discussing research to be presented at the International Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) Focus Meeting, Milan] Press Release

Government of Canada Launches New Research Fund to Push beyond the Frontiers of Canadian Science

The Honourable Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science and Sport, announced new funding to transform the way government supports research. This includes an investment of $275 million over the next five years, and $65 million per year ongoing, to support research that is international, interdisciplinary, fast-breaking and high-risk. [Government of Canada] Press Release

Takeda and the New York Academy of Sciences Announce 2019 Innovators in Science Award Winners

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, and the New York Academy of Sciences announced the winners of the second annual Innovators in Science Award for their commitment to and excellence in regenerative medicine. The 2019 Winners will be honored at the Innovators in Science Award Ceremony and Symposium in April 2019 in Japan. [Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited] Press Release

The End of DACA Would Be a Blow to Science

With the end of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), undocumented scientists will lose what few protections they currently have under immigrant law, lose their access to their scientific research, and once again live in fear, as they are caught in legal limbo. [Scientific America] Editorial

South Korean Scientists Protest Treatment of University President Accused of Misusing Funds

Researchers in South Korea have criticized the nation’s science ministry for its handling of an investigation into the president of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejon, the country’s top technical university. The science ministry alleges that KAIST leader Shin Sung-Chul made illegal payments to a California lab, but many scientists see a political purge. [Nature News] Editorial

Lawsuit Alleges NIH, FDA Let Clinical Trial Sponsors Off the Hook

A former top official at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and a longtime science journalist are suing the agency and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), saying they let clinical trial sponsors off the hook for reporting nearly a decade’s worth of important scientific data. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine International Society – AP Chapter and the 7^th Asian Biomaterials Congress
October 14-17, 2019
Brisbane, Australia

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Scientist – Matrix Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Lecturers/ Senior Lecturers – Department of Bioengineering (Imperial College London)

Postdoctoral Position – Engineering Solutions for Airway Disorders (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

Postdoctoral Position – Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Bioengineering (Igenomix Foundation)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Bioengineering of 4D/3D Tissue Scaffold Development (The Ohio State University College of Medicine)

Tenured Track Faculty Position – Biomedical Engineering (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Pathogenesis of Sepsis and Lung Inflammation (Boston University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship Program – Aging (Niigata University)

Associate Professor/ Professor – Regenerative Medicine (University of Toronto)

Faculty Position – Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (Mayo Clinic)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Cellular Mechanobiology (Washington University in St. Louis)

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