Hepatic Cell News 4.14 April 24, 2020 | |
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TOP STORYParental Metabolic Syndrome Epigenetically Reprograms Offspring Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Mice Researchers used the liver-specific insulin receptor knockout mouse, a unique nondietary model manifesting three hallmarks that conferred high risk for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. They reported that parental metabolic syndrome epigenetically reprogrammed members of the TGF-β family, including neuronal regeneration-related protein and growth differentiation factor 15. [J Clin Invest] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Scientists reported that cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased heat shock protein 12A (HSPA12A) nuclear translocation in hepatocytes, while knockout of HSPA12A (Hspa12a−/−) in mice promoted LPS-induced acute liver injury. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article Investigators demonstrated that the gut microbiota regulated hepatic expression of Lbp through myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)-dependent signaling. LBP potentiated lipopolysaccharide inhibition of insulin signaling in vitro as well as impaired systemic glucose homeostasis in vivo. [Mol Metab] Full Article The authors demonstrated that pyroptosis in innate immune cells aggravated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and implied that hepatic IRI could be protected by blocking pyroptosis. Adopting caspase-1 inhibitors, they showed that inhibition of pyroptosis significantly ameliorated liver injury and suppressed inflammatory response during hepatic IRI. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Researchers found a novel pharmacological mechanism that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exerted hepatoprotective effect in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via upregulating PINK1-dependent mitophagy. This effect might be attributed to the modulation of AMPKα activation which was observed. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Using shRNA to knockdown Diaph1 or SMIFH2 to target Diaph1 activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), scientists found that Diaph1 inactivation blocked internalization and intracellular trafficking of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ1) receptor II and reduced SMAD3 phosphorylation induced by TGFβ1. [FASEB J] Full Article Several miRNAs targeting TIMP3 were upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and down-regulation of TIMP3 expression was associated with inflammatory activity in liver fibrosis and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Liver Int] Abstract Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Hepatic Inflammation in Alcohol Related Liver Disease Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) counteracted ethanol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, suppressed inflammatory responses of kupffer cells and ameliorated hepatic inflammation and steatosis, hallmarks of experimental alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). [Liver Int] Abstract Using human hepatocellular carcinoma spheroids as proof-of-concept, the authors suggested a strategy for constructing three-dimensional cellular architectures comprising viable cells. The strategy used a redox-responsive hydrogel and a confluent monolayer of cells cultured on the hydrogel surface, which peeled off and self-folded to wrap other cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article Identifying Strategies to Target the Metabolic Flexibility of Tumors Investigators identified the compensatory mechanisms following the inhibition of major pathways of central carbon metabolism in c-MYC-induced liver tumors. They found that, while inhibition of both glutaminase isoforms in tumors considerably delayed tumorigenesis, glutamine catabolism continued, owing to the action of amidotransferases. [Nat Metab] Abstract Subscribe to one of our other 19 science newsletters such as Intestinal Cell News & Pancreatic Cell News. | |
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REVIEWSLytic Cell Death in Metabolic Liver Disease The authors summarize the underlying mechanism of distinct lytic cell death modes and their commonalities and discuss its relevance to metabolic liver diseases of different aetiologies, acknowledging the limitation of current knowledge in the field. [J Hepatol] Full Article Scientists examine the features and the pro-inflammatory pathways leading to non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis. The involvement of several events and multiple inter-related pathways in the pathogenesis of these diseases suggest that a single therapeutic agent was unlikely to be an effective treatment strategy. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the hepatic cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSCelsion Corporation have announced that the prescribed minimum number of events of 158 patient deaths has been reached for the second pre-specified interim analysis of the OPTIMA Phase III Study with ThermoDox® plus radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, or primary liver cancer. [Celsion Corporation] Press Release Vir Biotechnology, Inc. have announced additional interim data from the ongoing Phase II trial in patients and results from the Phase I trial in healthy volunteers of VIR-2218, an investigational small interfering ribonucleic acid that mediates RNA interference for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. [Vir Biotechnology, Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSUntapped Potential: More US Labs Could Be Providing Tests for Coronavirus A survey of more than 4,000 researchers in the United States suggested that better coordination at an institutional and national level could make hundreds of thousands more coronavirus tests available. [Nature News] Editorial Director of US Agency Key to Vaccine Development Leaves Role Suddenly Amid Coronavirus Pandemic Rick Bright, one of the nation’s leading vaccine development experts and the director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, is no longer leading the organization. [STAT News] Editorial Open Science Takes On the Coronavirus Pandemic When reports emerged in late 2019 of an outbreak of a new coronavirus centred in Wuhan, China, researchers at the virological-analysis website Nextstrain were ready. The open-source project tracked the spread of viruses through genetic variations in the sequences that scientists find. [Nature News] Editorial
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics (City of Hope) NEW Professorship of Hepatology (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU)) Senior Research Scientist – Liver Disease (Novo Nordisk) Scientist – Molecular & Cellular Biology (Deep Genomics, Inc.) Postdoctoral Position – Gut-Liver Axis (University of California, Davis) Postdoctoral Position – Liver Pathogenesis (Washington University in St.Louis) Therapuetic Specialist – Inflammation (Gilead Sciences Inc.) Senior Postdoctoral Research Assistant – Liver Research (University of Dundee) Team Leader – Cholangiocytes (Miromatrix Medical) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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