| TOP STORY | Interleukin-1 Antagonism in Type 1 Diabetes of Recent Onset: Two Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials Innate immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, but until now no randomized, controlled trials of blockade of the key innate immune mediator interleukin-1 have been done. Researchers aimed to assess whether canakinumab, a human monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 antibody, or anakinra, a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, improved β-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. [Lancet] Abstract |
| PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal) | Increased Th17 Response to Pathogen Stimulation in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), bile fluid is frequently colonized with pathogens and its strong association with inflammatory bowel disease suggests the contribution of pathogen responses to disease pathogenesis. IL17A, the signature cytokine of Th17 cells, was recently described to promote inflammation and fibrosis within the liver. Researchers therefore investigated the Th17 immune response to pathogens in patients with PSC. [Hepatology] Abstract Neutrophils Promote 6-Sulfo LacNAc+ Dendritic Cell (slanDC) Survival The data presented not only expand the knowledge on the interactions between human neutrophils and slanDCs but also prove that neutrophil-mediated promotion of slanDC survival and potentiation of slanDC-derived IL-12p70 occur via different mechanisms. [J Leukoc Biol] Abstract Dysferlin Regulates Cell Adhesion in Human Monocytes Scientists showed that dysferlin expression is increased with differentiation in human monocytes and the THP1 monocyte cell model. Freshly isolated monocytes of dysferlinopathy patients showed deregulated expression of fibronectin and fibronectin binding integrins, which was recapitulated by transient knockdown of dysferlin in THP1 cells. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article The TNF-Family Cytokine TL1A Inhibits Proliferation of Human Activated B Cells Researchers describe for the first time that B cells from human blood express significant amounts of DR3 in response to B cell receptor polyclonal stimulation. The relevance of these results was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis in tonsil and spleen tissue specimens, which showed the in situ expression of DR3 in antigen-stimulated B cells in vivo. [PLoS One] Full Article Immunogenicity of Mycobacterial Vesicles in Humans: Identification of a New Tuberculosis Antibody Biomarker The authors evaluated the human immune responses to BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane vesicles (MVs) to characterize the antibody responses and identify potentially novel tuberculosis (TB) biomarkers. Serological responses to MVs were evaluated by ELISAs and immunoblots with sera from 16 sputum smear-positive, 12 smear-negative HIV uninfected pulmonary TB patients and 16 BCG vaccinated Tuberculin skin-test positive controls with and without latent tuberculosis infection. [Tuberculosis] Abstract Sources of Heterogeneity in Human Monocyte Subsets Using PBMCs from populations with differing ethnicities and histories of parasite exposure, researchers characterized monocyte phenotype based on intensity of CD14 and CD16 expression. Using the surface markers HLA-DR, CCR2 and CX3CR1, they compared monocyte phenotype between populations and further assessed changes in monocytes with freezing and thawing of PBMCs. [Immunol Lett] Abstract Seasonal Influence on Mitogen and Cyclosporin Responses of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Researchers examined the effects of season on the ex vivo mitogen-induced activation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of healthy humans living in a temperate climate, as well as the ex vivo lymphocyte activation of rabbits living under constant laboratory conditions. The possible impact of season on the action of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A on lymphocyte activation was investigated in both species. [Int Immunopharmacol] Abstract Changes in Maternal Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Human Milk during 12 Weeks After Parturition Immune factors in human milk change in concentration after delivery. However, this concentration change during the early postpartum period has not yet been investigated in detail. The authors measured Secretory IgA levels in the human milk of 91 postpartum mothers by using an enzyme immunoassay, in postpartum day 3, and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12. [Am J Hum Biol] Abstract C/EBPα Induces Highly Efficient Macrophage Transdifferentiation of B Lymphoma and Leukemia Cell Lines and Impairs Their Tumorigenicity Testing >20 human lymphoma and leukemia B cell lines, researchers found that most can be transdifferentiated at least partially into macrophage-like cells, provided that C/EBPα is expressed at sufficiently high levels. [Cell Rep] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Host Responses in Human Skin After Conventional Intradermal Injection or Microneedle Administration of Virus-Like-Particle Influenza Vaccine As skin immunization studies are generally restricted to animal models, where skin architecture and immunity is greatly different to human, surprisingly little is known about the local human response to intradermal vaccines. Researchers use surgically excised human skin to explore for the first time the complex molecular and cellular host responses to a candidate influenza vaccine comprising nanoparticulate virus-like-particles, administered via conventional hypodermic injection or reduced scale microneedles. [Adv Healthc Mater] Abstract Don’t forget to subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News and Immune Regulation News! |
| REVIEWS | Ectopic Germinal Centers, BAFF and Anti-B-Cell Therapy in Myasthenia Gravis This article reviews the role of B cells in myasthenia gravis (MG). The authors first describe what is known about B cells in this disease and examine the involvement of the B cells in the thymus of MG patients. They detail the role of factors associated with B-cell function such as BAFF. Finally, they discuss the effects of therapy targeting B cells. [Autoimmun Rev] Abstract Costimulatory Molecules on Immunogenic versus Tolerogenic Human Dendritic Cells This review gives an overview of functional different human dendritic cell (DC) subsets with unique profiles of costimulatory molecules and outlines how different costimulatory pathways together with the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 bias immunogenic versus tolerogenic DC functions. Furthermore, the authors exemplarily describe protocols for the generation of two well-defined monocyte-derived DC subsets for their clinical use, immunogenic versus tolerogenic. [Front Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field. |
|
|
|