Human Immunology News Volume 1.23 | Aug 20 2013

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    Human Immunology News 1.23 August 20, 2013

    Human Immunology News

         In this issue: Publications | Reviews | Industry News | Policy News | Events | Jobs
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    TOP STORY
    Cleavage of Fibrinogen by Proteinases Elicits Allergic Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor 4
    The authors demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by airway proteinase activity to initiate both allergic airway disease and antifungal immunity. These outcomes were induced by proteinase cleavage of the clotting protein fibrinogen, yielding fibrinogen cleavage products that acted as TLR4 ligands on airway epithelial cells and macrophages. [Science] Abstract | Press Release
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    PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal)
    The Percentage of Foxp3+Helios+ T Regulatory Cells Positively Correlates with Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    Researchers assessed the use of Helios in combination with FoxP3 as a superior method for identifying cytokine non-producing human regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and to determine if FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs are maintained at normal levels in patients with clinically active disease. [Arthritis Rheum] Abstract

    Oligoclonal Expansions of Mucosal T Cells in Crohn’s Disease Predominate in NKG2D-Expressing CD4 T Cells
    Clonal expansions of T cells have been found in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) suggesting an antigen-specific stimulation of pathogenic T cells. Here researchers showed, using T-cell receptor repertoire analysis by real-time PCR, that oligoclonal expansions are found in both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the blood and intestinal mucosa of CD patients. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

    Low Frequency of GITR+ T Cells in Ex Vivo and In Vitro Expanded Treg Cells from Type 1 Diabetic Patients
    Results showed a higher susceptibility to apoptosis in patients’ versus controls’ Treg cells, suggesting that glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related (GITR) is a Treg-cell marker that would be primarily involved in Treg-cell survival rather than in their suppressor function. [Int Immunol] Abstract

    Changes in the Number of CD8+ T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Various Autoimmune Diseases after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations and Their Relations to the Survival Times
    The changes in the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes were studied before and then 30 days after the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations in 14 therapy refractory patients with autoimmune diseases. The years of survival and the clinical states were also evaluated. [Arch Immunol Ther Exp] Abstract

    PGE2 Contributes to In Vitro MSC-Mediated Inhibition of Non-Specific- and Antigen-Specific T Cells Proliferation in MS Patients
    Scientists investigated the contribution of PGE2 to mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSC)-mediated suppression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using in vitro model of mitogen- and myelin-stimulated T cells co-cultivation with autologous/allogeneic MSC. [Scand J Immunol] Abstract

    Increased Th22 Cells Are Independently Associated with Th17 Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is perceived as an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. However, the number of inflammatory T cells in blood, as well as the relative importance of each cell type is unclear. Forty-two patients with T1D and 30 controls were enrolled. Circulating primary CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were quantified with five-color flow cytometry. [Endocrine] Abstract

    The Impact of Conventional DMARD and Biological Therapies on CD4+ Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Follow-Up Study
    Scientists investigated the alteration of CD4+ T cell subset distribution after the initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) (with glucocorticosteroid and methotrexate) and anti-TNFα therapy. [Clin Rheumatol] Abstract

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    REVIEWS
    Scavenger Receptors in Homeostasis and Immunity
    This review highlights recent insights into the structural features that determine the function of scavenger receptors and the emerging role that these receptors have in immune responses, notably in macrophage polarization and in the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

    The Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis
    The authors provide an update on the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to lupus nephritis and provide the rationale for the latest and novel treatment strategies. [J Am Soc Nephrol] Abstract

    Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

     
    INDUSTRY NEWS
    FDA Approves MSC-NP Therapy as Investigational New Drug in MS Clinical Trial: A Research Milestone
    The stem cell research division of the Tisch MS Research Center of New York announced Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of autologous, mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (MSC-NPs) as an Investigational New Drug for an open label, Phase I clinical trial in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). [Tisch MS Research Center of New York] Press Release

    Duke Receives $1.3 Million for Immune Deficiency Research
    Charles and Daneen Stiefel have given $1.3 million to support research at Duke Medicine that focuses on a group of diseases that compromise the immune system and increase the risk of infectious diseases and lymphoma. The Stiefels’ gift will support research into the genetic mechanisms that give rise to Common Variable Immune Deficiency. [Duke University] Press Release

    Regen BioPharma Inc. Licenses Cancer Gene Silencing Technology from Benitec BioPharma
    Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc. announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Regen BioPharma Inc. executed a license agreement with the clinical stage biotechnology company, Benitec Biopharma Ltd. for the development of vaccines using Benitec’s ddRNAi gene silencing technology. Benitec’s license to Regen covers the application of ddRNAi to silence indoleamine 2,3 – dioxygenase in dendritic cells. [Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc.] Press Release

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    POLICY NEWS
    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

     
    EVENTS
    NEW 2nd World Congress on Controversies, Debates & Consensus in Bone, Muscle & Joint Diseases
    November 21-24, 2013
    Brussels, Belgium

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the human immunology community.

     
    JOB OPPORTUNITIES
    NEW Postdoctoral Position – Elucidation of the Role of Specific Ubiquitin-Binding Proteins in Regulating NFKB Signaling in Innate Immune Cells (AstraZeneca)

    NEW Postdoctoral Position – Innate Immune Signaling in the Developing Intestine (University of Connecticut Health Center)

    Research Technologist – Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Products (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

    Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Asthma Research (Columbia University – Allergy Immunology Medicine)

    Tenure-Track Position – Cell Biologist (McGill University)

    Postdoctoral Position – Molecular Immunology (Baylor Institute for Immunology Research)

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Role of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in Inflammatory Arthritis (UC Davis Medical Center)

    Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Allergy Immunology Medicine (Columbia University)

    Postdoctoral and Senior Research Scientist Positions – Immunology ERC Advanced Grant Project (Technische Universitat Munchen)

    PhD Research Position – Immune Tolerance and Autoimmunity (Weizmann Institute of Science)

    Research Scientist/Senior Research Officer – Monoclonal Antibodies (Bioprocessing Technology Institute/A*STAR)


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