Human Immunology News Volume 1.25 | Sep 3 2013

The Systemic Immune Network in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Central Role of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIATOR Trial)
Researchers hypothesized that the systemic immune milieu in recent-onset type 1 diabetes is associated with residual beta cell function and other metabolic patient characteristics. [PLoS One] Full Article

IL7RA Haplotype-Associated Alterations in Cellular Immune Function and Gene Expression Patterns in Multiple Sclerosis
Soluble IL-7RA (sIL-7RA) protein and mRNA levels vary among the four common IL7RA haplotypes. Scientists showed and confirmed that protective haplotype carriers have three times lower sIL-7RA serum levels than the other three haplotypes. High sIL-7RA concentrations significantly decrease IL-7-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation in CD4⁺ T cells. [Genes Immun] Abstract

Increased Levels of Interleukin 34 in Serum and Synovial Fluid Are Associated with Rheumatoid Factor and Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody Titers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
To identify the significance of interleukin 34 (IL-34) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the IL-34 concentration was measured in serum and synovial fluid (SF). IL-34 concentrations were measured in serum from patients with RA, patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and controls, and in SF isolated from patients with RA or OA. [J Rheumatol] Abstract

Association of +3179G/A Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Polymorphism and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Serum Level with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
The authors compared +3179G/A insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1R genotype distribution in 148 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with a group of 240 healthy donors. They also investigated serum IGF-1 levels in SLE patients and healthy controls in an association to genotype. [Lupus] Abstract

Immune Response to Intrathecal Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Mucopolysaccharidosis I Patients
Researchers studied the immune response to intrathecal recombinant human-L-iduronidase (rhIDU) in mucopolysaccharidosis I subjects with spinal cord compression who had been previously treated with intravenous rhIDU. [Pediatr Res] Abstract

Pre- and Perinatal Characteristics and Breast Milk Immune Markers
Maternal allergy and gestational exposures can alter the concentration of Type-1/Type-2/T-regulatory markers in breast milk. The authors tested whether maternal risk factors are related to breast milk immune markers. [Pediatr Res] Abstract

Analysis of Cytokines and Chemokines Produced by Whole Blood, Peripheral Mononuclear and Polymorphonuclear Cells
Investigators aimed to determine the cytokine response of whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. They used a multiplex analysis to determine a difference in cytokine secretion patterns. [J Immunol Methods] Abstract

Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology
This review summarizes recent evidence clarifying the role of NF-κB in the different cell compartments contributing to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology and its implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating pathologies of the central nervous system. [Trends Mol Med] Abstract

The Preventive Role of Type 2 NKT Cells in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes
This review points to the importance of immunoregulation by type 2 natural killer T (NKT) cells in preventing the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and highlights the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells as a likely mechanism. The possible therapeutic role of type 1 and type 2 NKT cells are evaluated and future experiments concerning type 2 NKT cells and T1D are proposed. [APMIS] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

European Commission Approves Genzyme’s Once-Daily, Oral Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Aubagio® (Teriflunomide)
Genzyme announced that the European Commission has granted marketing authorization for Aubagio^® 14 mg, a once-daily, oral therapy indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. [Genzyme Corporation] Press Release

Stem Cell Agency Awards More than $40 Million in New Research Grants
The agency’s governing Board the Independent Citizens Oversight Committee approved $40 million in funding for researchers at 10 institutions including Stanford, UCLA, UC San Diego, Human BioMolecular Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The Gladstone Institutes, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, The Salk Institute, Numerate, Inc. and UC Irvine as part of its Early Translational IV Research awards. [California Institute for Regenerative Medicine] Press Release

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