Etrolizumab as Induction Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Controlled, Phase II Trial Etrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds the β7 subunit of the heterodimeric integrins α4β7 and αEβ7. Researchers assessed etrolizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis. [Lancet] Full Article | Press Release γδT17 Cells Promote the Accumulation and Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Human Colorectal Cancer Researchers demonstrate that innate γδT (γδT17) cells are the major cellular source of interleukin (IL)-17 in human colorectal cancer. Microbial products elicited by tumorous epithelial barrier disruption correlated with inflammatory dendritic cell (inf-DC) accumulation and γδT17 polarization in human tumors. Activated inf-DCs induced γδT17 cells to secrete IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and GM-CSF with a concomitant accumulation of immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs in the tumor. [Immunity] Abstract Parallel T-Cell Cloning and Deep Sequencing of Human MAIT Cells Reveal Stable Oligoclonal TCRβ Repertoire Scientists showed that human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are remarkably oligoclonal in both the blood and liver, display high inter-individual homology and exhibit a restricted length CDR3β domain of the TCRVβ chain. [Nat Commun] Abstract Viral and Host Factors Determine Innate Immune Responses in Airway Epithelial Cells from Children with Wheeze and Atopy Investigators aimed to determine if impaired interferon responses can be identified in young children at risk of developing asthma due to atopy and/or early life wheeze, and if the site of infection or the infecting virus influence the antiviral response. [Thorax] Full Article T Cell Receptor Signals to NF-κB Are Transmitted by a Cytosolic p62-Bcl10-Malt1-IKK Signalosome The molecular mechanisms connecting the Carma1-Bcl10-Malt1 complex to activation of inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) are incompletely defined. Researchers found that the active IKK complex is a component of a T cell receptor-dependent cytosolic Bcl10-Malt1 signalosome containing the adaptor protein p62, which forms in effector T cells. [Sci Signal] Abstract | Press Release Effector-Mediated Eradication of Precursor B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with a Novel Fc-Engineered Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the BAFF-R Researchers tested a novel humanized anti-BAFF-R (B-cell activating factor receptor) monoclonal antibody optimalized for FcRγIII-mediated, antibody-dependent cell killing by effector cells. The antibodies significantly stimulated natural killer cell-mediated killing of different human patient-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. [Mol Cancer Ther] Abstract | Press Release Inhibition of B7-1 (CD80) by RhuDex® Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Inflammation in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions Carotid artery plaque stimulation with lipopolysaccharides could be significantly inhibited by RhuDex®, a specific inhibitor of the costimulatory molecule B7-1 ex vivo. Coculture of antigen-presenting cells with T-cells demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of RhuDex® derived from reduced T-cell activation. [Drug Des Devel Ther] Abstract Interleukin-17 Facilitates the Immune Suppressor Capacity of High Grade Glioma-Derived CD4 (+) CD25 (+) Foxp3 (+) T Cells via Releasing Transforming Growth Factor Beta Researchers aimed to characterize glioma-derived interleukin (IL)-17+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Single cells were isolated from surgically removed high grade glioma tissue and examined by flow cytometry. The immune suppressor effect of IL-17+ Tregs on CD8+ T cells was assessed in vitro. [Scand J Immunol] Abstract |