A TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Polymorphism Increases Pattern-Recognition Receptor-Induced Signaling through Caspase-8-Induced IL-1 Investigators found that human macrophages expressed death receptor 3 (DR3) and that tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15):DR3 interactions were critical for amplifying pattern-recognition-receptor-initiated MAPK/NF-κB/PI3K signaling and cytokine secretion in macrophages. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Hepatic Macrophage Activation and the LPS Pathway in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Prospective Cohort Study Scientists measured the plasma concentrations of soluble CD163 (a specific marker of inflammatory macrophage activation) and the expression of CD163 in liver tissue by immunohistochemistry and stereology of liver biopsies. [Am J Gastroenterol] Abstract Th17-Type Cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α Synergistically Activate STAT3 and NF-κB to Promote Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth Scientists isolated tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) from the tumor area and the macroscopically unaffected, adjacent, colonic mucosa of patients who underwent resection for sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) and show that the culture supernatants of TILs, but not of LPMCs, potently enhance the growth of human CRC cell lines through the activation of the oncogenic transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). [Oncogene] Full Article Anti-CD22 90Y-Epratuzumab Tetraxetan Combined with Anti-CD20 Veltuzumab: A Phase I Study in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory, Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Investigators combined radioimmunotherapy with immunotherapy targeting different B-cell antigens. They evaluated anti-CD22 90Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan with anti-CD20 veltuzumab in patients with aggressive lymphoma who had failed at least one prior standard treatment, but had not undergone stem cell transplant. [Haematologica] Abstract | Full Article The RING Ubiquitin E3 RNF114 Interacts with A20 and Modulates NF-κB Activity and T-Cell Activation Investigators identify the RING-type zinc-finger protein 114 (RNF114) as an A20-interacting factor. RNF114 interacts with A20 in T cells and modulates A20 ubiquitylation. They demonstrate that in T cells, the effect of RNF114 is linked to the modulation of T-cell activation and apoptosis but is independent of cell cycle regulation. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Presence of Antigen-Experienced T Cells with Low Grade of Differentiation and Proliferative Potential in Chronic Chagas Disease Myocarditis Researchers explored the expression of inhibitory receptors, transcription factors of type 1 or regulatory T cells, and markers of T cell differentiation, immunosenescence or active cell cycle in cardiac explants from patients with advanced Chagas disease myocarditis. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor Is Elevated during Influenza A Virus Infection and Mediates the IL-6 and IL-32 Inflammatory Cytokine Burst Researchers show that influenza A virus infection stimulates the expression of the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), a multifunctional protein involved in IL-6 signaling. sIL-6R expression upregulated the levels of its own ligand, IL-6 and those of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-32. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Decreased Expression of MicroRNA-21 Correlates with the Imbalance of Th17 and Treg Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators speculate that microRNA (miR)-21 may be part of a negative feedback loop. However, miR-21 levels decrease significantly in rheumatoid arthritis patients, suggesting that this feedback loop is dysregulated and may contribute to the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells. [J Cell Mol Med] Abstract | Full Article The Dynamic Relationship between Innate Immune Biomarkers and Interferon-Based Treatment Effects and Outcome in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Altered by Telaprevir Investigators retrospectively studied soluble CD14 and IL-18 over the course of interferon-based treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection, with the aim to investigate the impact of direct-acting antivirals on the dynamics and relationships between these biomarkers and treatment effects and outcome. [PLoS One] Full Article Involvement of Toll-Like Receptors on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Immunity During H. pylori infection, toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to be important to control cytokine response particularly in murine dendritic cells (DCs). Scientists analyzed the effect of blocking TLRs on human DCs. [PLoS One] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News and Immune Regulation News! |