Human Immunology News Volume 3.28 | Jul 21 2015

Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity of CD127⁺ Group 1 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Intestinal Lamina Propria
Researchers found that differentiation of ILC3 to CD127⁺ ILC1 is reversible in vitro and in vivo. CD127⁺ ILC1 differentiated to ILC3 in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-23, and IL-1β dependent on the transcription factor RORγt, and this process was enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid. [Immunity]
Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Prevent Allostimulation In Vivo and Control Checkpoints of Th1 Priming: Migration of Human DC to Lymph Nodes and NK Cell Activation
Scientists investigated the impact of mesenchymal stromal cells on the functionality of human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and the consequences for natural killer (NK) cell and Th1 priming in vitro and in vivo. [Stem Cells] Abstract

Evidence for the Involvement of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Immune Response in Rasmussen Encephalitis
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and brain-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from 20 Rasmussen encephalitis surgery specimens by standard methods, and CD3⁺ T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. [J Neuroinflamm] Full Article

Opportunistic Pathogen Candida albicans Elicits a Temporal Response in Primary Human Mast Cells
Scientists showed that human mast cells mounted specific responses towards C. albicans. Collectively, mast cell responses included the launch of initial, intermediate and late phase components determined by the secretion of granular proteins and cytokines. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Characterization of Species-Specific Genes Regulated by E2-2 in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Basic helix-loop-helix protein E2-2 is defined as an essential transcription factor for mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) development, cell fate maintenance and gene program. The authors investigated the function of E2-2 in human pDCs and screened human-specific genes regulated by E2-2. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Analysis of CD8⁺ Treg Cells in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Possible Mechanism for Immune Impairment
Scientists investigated CD8⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells in ovarian cancer patients and their in vitro induction. Compared with the CD8⁺ T cells cultured alone, the CD8⁺ Treg cells induced in vitro by coculture with SK-OV-3/A2780 showed increased CTLA-4 and Foxp3 expression and decreased CD28 expression. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

Caspase-4 Mediates Non-Canonical Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Myeloid Cells
Researchers showed that the human monocytic cell line THP1 activates the inflammasome in response to cytosolic LPS in a TLR4-independent fashion. This response is mediated by caspase-4 and accompanied by caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis and interleukin 1β maturation. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract

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Origin and Functions of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Producing Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells
The authors review the mechanisms of development and the possible functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3⁺ T_regs. [Cytokine] Abstract

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Oxford Immunotec Inks Licensing Agreement with IDIBELL for B Cell Measurement Technology
Oxford Immunotec Global PLC announced that it has exclusively licensed technology that measures antibody-secreting B cells from Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). [Oxford Immunotec Global PLC] Press Release

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