Restoring Oxidant Signaling Suppresses Proarthritogenic T Cell Effector Functions in Rheumatoid Arthritis In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4+ T cells hyperproliferate during clonal expansion, differentiating into cytokine-producing effector cells that contribute to disease pathology. In contrast to healthy T cells, naïve RA T cells had a defect in glycolytic flux due to the up-regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release Arginase-1–Dependent Promotion of TH17 Differentiation and Disease Progression by MDSCs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus showed a significant increase in HLA–DR−CD11b+CD33+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), including both CD14+CD66b− monocytic and CD14−CD66b+ granulocytic MDSCs, in the peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Form Dysfunctional Immune Synapses with B Cells Characterized by Non-Polarized Lytic Granule Release Investigators explored the underlying basis for cytotoxic T cell (CTL) suppression in the context of B cell malignancies. They document that human B cells have an intrinsic ability to resist killing by freshly isolated CTLs, but are susceptible to lysis by IL-2 activated CTL blasts and CTLs isolated from immunotherapy-treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract NAP-2 Secreted by Human NK Cells Can Stimulate Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Recruitment Strategies for improved homing of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a place of injury are being sought and it has been shown that natural killer (NK) cells can stimulate MSC recruitment. Researchers studied the chemokines behind this recruitment. [Stem Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Aging Converts Innate B1a Cells into Potent CD8+ T Cell Inducers Investigators report that 4-1BBL+ MHC class-IHi CD86Hi B cells, termed 4BL cells, are activated murine and possibly human B1a cells. The activation is mediated by aging human monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages. [J Immunol] Abstract Increased Expression with Differential Subcellular Location of Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3G in Human CD4+ T-Cell Activation and Dendritic Cell Maturation Researchers found that APOBEC3G mRNA and protein expression is very low in resting CD4+ T-cells and immature dendritic cells (DCs), but increases strongly following T-cell activation and DCs maturation. [Immunol Cell Biol] Abstract Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer-Induced Immunosuppression by Increased Human Regulatory T Cells via Foxp3 Promoter Demethylation Scientists found a higher percentage of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with healthy donors. NSCLC patients showed demethylation of eight CpG sites within the forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) promoter with methylation ratios negatively correlated with CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T levels. [Cancer Immunol Immunother] Full Article Impact of Persistent Cytomegalovirus Infection on Dynamic Changes in Human Immune System Profile The authors report the variation of blood cell count along with anti-human cytomegalovirus IgG and T cell responses to pp-65 and IE-1 antigens, that occurred after an interval of five years in a cohort of 25 seropositive healthy adults. [PLoS One] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News & Immune Regulation News! |