Human Immunology News Volume 4.25 | Jun 28 2016

TOP STORY

Internalization and Presentation of Myelin Antigens by the Brain Endothelium Guides Antigen-Specific T Cell Migration

The authors provide direct evidence that under inflammatory conditions, brain endothelial cells stimulate the migration of myelin-reactive CD4⁺ T-cells by acting as non-professional antigen presenting cells through the processing and presentation of myelin-derived antigens in MHC-II. [eLife] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Remodeling Precedes Lineage Specification during Differentiation of Human CD4⁺ T Cells

Researchers report early and widespread 5-methylcytosine/5-hydroxymethylcytosine remodeling during human CD4⁺ T cell differentiation ex vivo at genes and cell-specific enhancers with known T cell function. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

IκB Kinase ε Is an NFATc1 Kinase that Inhibits T Cell Immune Response

IKKε is an IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinase, and the function of IKKε remains obscure in T cells, despite its abundant expression. Scientists report that IKKε inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation and T cell responses by promoting NFATc1 phosphorylation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

A Human Trypanosome Suppresses CD8⁺ T Cell Priming by Dendritic Cells through the Induction of Immune Regulatory CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ T Cells

Using an in vivo assay that eliminated multiple variables associated with antigen processing and dendritic cell activation, scientists found that injection of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells exposed to Trypanosoma cruzi induced regulatory CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ T cells that suppressed the priming of transgenic CD8⁺ T cells by peptide-loaded BMDC. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

High-Dose Bee Venom Exposure Induces Similar Tolerogenic B Cell Responses in Patients and Healthy Beekeepers

Scientists investigates the role of B cells in allergen tolerance induction to high-dose allergen exposure, and to compare B cell responses between allergic patients receiving allergen immunotherapy and naturally exposed healthy beekeepers before and during the beekeeping season. [Allergy] Abstract

CXCL10-Mediates Macrophage, but Not Other Innate Immune Cells-Associated Inflammation in Murine Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Investigators sought to determine the innate immune cell involved in the inflammatory response in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the extent to which inhibition of the chemotactic ligand CXCL10 and its cognate receptor CXCR3 could attenuate liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Population PK-PD Analyses of CD25 Occupancy, CD56^bright NK Cell Expansion, and Regulatory T Cell Reduction by Daclizumab HYP in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis

This manuscript characterized the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships of daclizumab high-yield process (HYP) in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). [Br J Clin Pharmacol] Abstract

HLA Class I-Redirected Anti-Tumor CD4⁺ T-Cells Require a Higher TCR Binding Affinity for Optimal Activity than CD8⁺ T-Cells

Researchers compared primary CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells expressing wildtype and a range of affinity-enhanced TCRs specific for the HLA A*0201-restricted NY-ESO-1- and gp100 tumor antigens. [Clin Exp Immunol] Abstract

Gene Copy Number Alteration Profile and Its Clinical Correlation in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

One hundred sixty-two newly diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases, median age 8.5 years, were prospectively analyzed for copy number alterations in CDKN2A/B, IKZF1, PAX5, RB1, ETV6, BTG1, EBF1, and pseudoautosomal region genes (CRLF2, CSF2RA, IL3RA) using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. [Leuk Lymphoma] Abstract

Suppression of Inducible CD4 Regulatory Cells by MHC Class I-Restricted Human Tumor Epitope Specific TCR Engineered Multifunctional CD4 T Cells

Investigators showed that human CD4 T cells engineered to express MHC class I-restricted human melanoma associated epitope, MART-127-35, specific T cell receptor (TCR), that can simultaneously exhibit helper as well as cytolytic effector functions, can interfere with the generation of induced regulatory T cells (iTreg), block iTreg-mediated suppression, and allow the activation and expansion of MART-127-35 specific cytolytic T lymphocyte responses, in vitro. [Hum Immunol] Abstract

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The Role of Myeloid Cells in Cancer Therapies

The review describes recent advances in the understanding of tumor-associated myeloid cells. These cells remain less studied than T lymphocytes but have attracted particular attention because their presence in tumors is often linked to altered patient survival. [Nat Rev Cancer] Abstract

The Unfolded Protein Response in Immunity and Inflammation

The authors discuss the importance of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development, differentiation, function and survival of immune cells in meeting the needs of an immune response. In addition, they review current insights into how the UPR is involved in complex chronic inflammatory diseases and, through its role in immune regulation, antitumor responses. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

OSE Immunotherapeutics Presents Significant Preclinical Efficacy Results for Effi-7, an Antagonist of the IL-7 Receptor

OSE Immunotherapeutics SA announced the presentation of preclinical efficacy results for Effi-7, an antagonist of the interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor in regulation immunotherapy. [Press release from OSE Immunotherapeutics SA (Business Wire) discussing research presented at the Annual Meeting of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies, Boston] Press Release

Baylor, Cell Medica Announce Groundbreaking Collaboration to Create Cellular Immunotherapy Products for Cancer Treatment

Baylor College of Medicine announced the launch of a landmark sponsored research collaboration, representing a significant milestone in its efforts to develop a new class of life-saving cancer therapy. Baylor has provided Cell Medica with an exclusive license to its proprietary natural killer T cell immunotherapy platform, five product candidates and an option to license future product candidates. [Baylor College of Medicine] Press Release

Celyad Treats First Patient in the Fourth Dose Level of Its NKR-2 Trial

Celyad announced the infusion of the first patient enrolled in the fourth dose level of its Phase I/IIa clinical trial. The study is evaluating the safety and feasibility of its NKR-2 T-cell therapy using T-cells with NKG2D receptor in cancer patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia or multiple myeloma. [Celyad] Press Release

Researchers Reeling as UK Votes to Leave EU

The United Kingdom’s vote to leave the European Union has plunged it into political and economic uncertainty — and left researchers worried over the future of their funding and collaborations, the UK’s participation in major European research programs, and the freedom of movement and employment status of thousands of scientists. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW HIV Research for Prevention (HIVR4P)
October 17-21, 2016
Chicago, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the human immunology community.

NEW Postdoctoral/Senior Postdoctoral Fellow Positions – Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy (Georgia Cancer Center)

Research Associate – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Technical Sales Representative (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – T Cell Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Bioengineering (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Group Leader – Immunology (Academic Medical Center)

Tenure Track Positions – Chemical Immunology (Institute for Chemical Immunology)

Senior Faculty Leadership Position – Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine (Stanford University School of Medicine)

Research Associate – Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (King’s College London)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Immune Focused In Vitro Research (Celentyx Ltd)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Thymic and Immune Regeneration (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Tumor Immunology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Saarland University)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Immunology (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Technische Universität München)

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