Human Immunology News 4.31 August 9, 2016 | |
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TOP STORYResearchers report that treatment with low-dose recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2 selectively modulated the abundance of regulatory T cells, follicular helper T (TFH) cells and IL-17-producing helper T cells, but not TH1 or TH2 cells, accompanied by marked reductions of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. [Nat Med] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Researchers showed that a severe asthma-associated polymorphism in the gene encoding the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha chain promotes conversion of induced regulatory T cells toward a T helper 17 (TH17) cell fate. [Nat Med] Abstract Researchers showed that the actions of EZH2 in driving germinal center (GC) formation and lymphoma precursor lesions require site-specific binding by the BCL6 transcriptional repressor and the presence of a non-canonical PRC1-BCOR-CBX8 complex. The chromodomain protein CBX8 was induced in GC B cells, bound to H3K27me3 at bivalent promoters, and was required for stable association of the complex and the resulting histone modifications. [Cancer Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Investigators found that Lyn physically interacted with interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5) to inhibit ubiquitination and phosphorylation of IRF5 in the TLR-MyD88 pathway, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activity of IRF5 in a manner independent of Lyn’s kinase activity. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract The authors utilized mass cytometry to simultaneously analyze T cell trafficking and functional markers across eight different human tissues, including blood, lymphoid, and non-lymphoid tissues. These data have revealed that combinatorial expression of trafficking receptors and cytokines better defines tissue specificity. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Combining detailed analysis of human tumor samples with preclinical tumor models, researchers report that concomitant blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 improves anti-tumor immune responses and synergistically eradicates tumors. [Nat Commun] Full Article Scientists showed that dendritic cells (DCs) activated by dectin-1 agonists potently promote naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th9 cells. Abrogation of dectin-1 in DCs completely abolishes their Th9-polarizing capability in response to dectin-1 agonist curdlan. [Nat Commun] Full Article Scientists report that dendritic cell (DC) activation and immunogenicity are regulated by the transcriptional repressor PCGF6. Pcgf6 was rapidly downregulated upon stimulation, and this downregulation was necessary to permit full DC activation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract CCR5, the shared receptor for MIP1α and β and RANTES, is expressed by multiple leukocytes. The authors aimed to determine the role of CCR5 in mediating leukocyte trafficking in models of colitis, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of maraviroc, an orally active CCR5 antagonist used in the treatment of CCR5-tropic HIV. [Sci Rep] Full Article The degree of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell heterogeneity and function is not fully understood. Scientists used a novel IL-21eGFP reporter mouse strain to analyze the diversity and role of Tfh cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article Investigators found that DRibbles could induce a rapid differentiation of monocytes and DC precursor cells into functional antigen-presenting cells. DRibbles triggered innate receptor signaling via Toll-like Receptors (TLR)-2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2, but not TLR3, TLR5, or TLR9. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article Scientists showed that CD5 expression activates a number of important signaling pathways, including Erk1/2, leading to IL-10 production through a novel pathway independent of B-cell receptor engagement. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSThe authors discuss the models of differentiation for maintenance and activation of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells in maintaining immune homeostasis and protection. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Functional RNAs Control T Follicular Helper Cells T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells), which are a prototypic subset of effector CD4+ T cells, regulate the production of high-affinity antibodies by controlling B cells at initial and recall phases. Since the discovery of Tfh cells in human tonsils, many notable studies focusing on Tfh cells have clarified mechanisms underlying Tfh-cell-related physiological and pathological settings. [J Hum Genet] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSAmgen And Advaxis Enter Global Cancer Immunotherapies Collaboration Amgen and Advaxis, Inc. announced a global agreement for the development and commercialization of Advaxis’ ADXS-NEO, a novel, preclinical investigational cancer immunotherapy treatment that is designed to activate a patient’s immune system to respond against the unique mutations, or neoepitopes, contained in and identified from each individual patient’s tumor. [Advaxis, Inc.] Press Release CEL-SCI Reports Monthly Patient Enrollment in July for Its Phase III Head and Neck Cancer Trial CEL-SCI Corporation announced that during the month of July it has enrolled 29 patients in its ongoing Phase III trial of its investigational immunotherapy Multikine in patients with advanced primary head and neck cancer. [CEL-SCI Corporation] Press Release DNAtrix Awarded FDA Orphan Products Development Grant for DNX-2401 DNAtrix announced the award of a $2 million research grant from the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products Development to support its Phase II clinical trial evaluating DNX-2401 with the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. [DNAtrix] Press Release IAVI Awarded NIH Contract to Expedite AIDS Vaccine Development The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) has been awarded a new contract from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to expedite the development of promising AIDS vaccine candidates. [The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSThe FDA Is Prohibited from Going Germline A potentially renewable provision of the Consolidated Appropriation Act of 2016 forestalling the prospect of human germline modification was signed into law on December 18th, 2015. The provision has since been incorporated again into the House and Senate appropriation bills for the fiscal year. [ScienceInsider] Editorial US Agency Lifts Ban on Funding Human–Animal Hybrids Researchers in the United States will soon be able to resume creating chimera-based projects. [Nature News] Editorial US Grants for Zebrafish Studies on the Rise Zebrafish are the rising stars of model-organism research, an analysis of grants from the US National Institutes of Health shows. [Nature Trend Watch] Editorial | Article 1 | Article 2
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EVENTSNEW 3rd Annual Stem Cell Congress 2016 Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Assistant Associate – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Technical Sales Representative (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Fellow – CRISPR/Cas9 Screens in Immune Cells (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) Postdoctoral Research Associate – Immunology (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason) Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Biology and Cancer Immunology (Fox Chase Cancer Center) Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (KU Leuven) Tenure Track Positions – Chemical Immunology (Institute for Chemical Immunology) Postdoctoral Scientist – Immune Focused In Vitro Research (Celentyx Ltd) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Human Immunology News Volume 4.31 | Aug 9 2016