Human Immunology News Volume 4.47 | Nov 29 2016

TOP STORY

Human Regulatory B Cells Control Tfh Response

The authors assessed the role of regulatory B cells on follicular helper T (Tfh) development and function. Human T cells were polyclonally stimulated in the presence of IL-12 and IL-21 to generate Tfh cells. [J Allergy Clin Immunol] Abstract

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A TLR7 Agonist Enhances the Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Obinutuzumab in Murine Lymphoma Models via NK Cells and CD4 T Cells

Scientists demonstrated in syngeneic human CD20-expressing models of lymphoma that systemic administration of a TLR7 agonist increases responses when administered in combination with obinutuzumab and protects against disease recurrence. Depletion studies demonstrated that primary anti-tumor activity is dependent on both NK cells and CD4⁺ T-cells but not CD8⁺ T-cells. [Leukemia] Abstract | Full Article

GapmeR Cellular Internalization by Macropinocytosis Induces Sequence-Specific Gene Silencing in Human Primary T-Cells

Researchers showed that GapmeR internalizes into human primary T-cells through macropinocytosis. Internalized GapmeR molecules can associate with SNX5-positive macropinosomes in T-cells, as detected by super-resolution microscopy. [Sci Rep] Full Article | Press Release

Small-Sized, Stable Lipid Nanoparticle for the Efficient Delivery of siRNA to Human Immune Cell Lines

Investigators used a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice containing YSK12-C4 to efficiently introduce siRNA to human immune cell lines, Jurkat, THP-1, KG-1 and NK92. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Sensitivity to Restimulation-Induced Cell Death Is Linked to Glycolytic Metabolism in Human T Cells

The authors showed that aerobic glycolysis strongly correlates with restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) sensitivity in human CD8⁺ effector T cells. Reducing glycolytic activity or glucose availability rendered effector T cells significantly less sensitive to RICD. [J Immunol] Abstract

Neutrophil Infiltration Mediated by CXCL5 Accumulation in the Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment: A Mechanism by Which Tumor Cells Escape Immune Surveillance

Scientists attempted to clarify whether and how infiltrating tumor-associated neutrophils in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma affect the proliferation and activation of T cells. [Clin Immunol] Abstract

Maternal Filarial Infection Influences the Development of Regulatory T Cells in Children from Infancy to Early Childhood

A significantly high level of IL-10 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been observed in children born to infected mothers compared to children of uninfected mother at the time of birth as well as during early childhood. Moreover a positive correlation between Tregs and IL-10 has been observed among the children born to infected mother. [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] Full Article

Pretreatment of Activated Human CD8 T Cells with IL-12 Leads to Enhanced TCR-Induced Signaling and Cytokine Production

Investigators observed that pretreatment of human activated CD8T cells with IL-12 results in increased cytokine mRNA and protein production following subsequent T cell receptor (TCR) challenge. [Mol Immunol] Abstract

Effects of Royal Jelly Supplementation on Regulatory T Cells in Children with SLE

The percentages of CD4⁺ CD25^+high FOXP3⁺cells and CD8⁺CD25^+high FOXP3⁺cells were significantly increased after royal jelly treatment when compared with baseline values. [Food Nutr Res] Full Article

Accelerated Cell Cycle Progression of Human Regulatory T Cell-Like Cell Line Caused by Continuous Exposure to Asbestos Fibers

The decrease of natural killer cell killing activity with reduction of NKp46 activating receptor expression, inhibition of cytotoxic T cell clonal expansion, reduced CXCR3 chemokine receptor expression and production of interferon-γ production in CD4⁺ T cells were reported using cell line models, freshly isolated peripheral blood immune cells from health donors as well as asbestos exposed patients such as pleural plaque and mesothelioma. [Int J Oncol] Abstract

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Human γδT-Cell Subsets and Their Involvement in Tumor Immunity

The authors review recent observations regarding the antitumor and protumor roles of major structural and functional subsets of human γδT cells, describing how these subsets are activated and polarized, and how these events relate to subsequent function in tumor immunity. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

OncoPep Announces Initiation of Phase Ib Clinical Trial of PVX-410 in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma and Upcoming Presentation of Positive Results from Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial

OncoPep, Inc. announced the initiation of a Phase Ib clinical trial evaluating PVX-410, a multi-peptide therapeutic cancer vaccine, in patients with moderate or high-risk for progression smoldering multiple myeloma, an asymptomatic precursor to multiple myeloma. [Press release from OncoPep, Inc. discussing research presented at the 58^th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH), San Diego] Press Release

Allakos Expands License Agreement with The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Allakos, Inc. announced the expansion of a license agreement with The Johns Hopkins University relating to the intellectual property of Siglec-8, a potential therapeutic target for a variety of diseases related to inflammation and fibrosis, and antibodies to Siglec-8. [Allakos, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

MabVax Therapeutics Enrolls First Patients in Expansion of Phase I Clinical Trial Treating Newly Diagnosed Pancreatic Cancer Patients

MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. reported that the first patients have been treated with MVT-5873, the company’s therapeutic antibody, in combination with a standard of care chemotherapy in a previously untreated pancreatic cancer patient population. [MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc.] Press Release

OncoPep Announces Initiation of Phase Ib Clinical Trial of PVX-410 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

OncoPep, Inc. announced that a Phase Ib clinical trial is underway to evaluate PVX-410, a multi-peptide therapeutic cancer vaccine, as an adjuvant treatment in patients who have completed all planned therapy for stage II or III triple negative breast cancer. [OncoPep, Inc.] Press Release

Dear Scientists: Our Government Needs You

Trump doesn’t have a record on many science issues, and he’s flip flopped on topics like climate change where he does. We need more scientific expertise in the policy-making process. One thing that’s certain is that it’s important to come together in the science community and work to be better communicators. Scientists and engineers should run for elected office in local and national politics. [Scientific American] Editorial

Congress Poised to Pass Sweeping Biomedical Innovation Bill

Congress is poised to approve a massive piece of legislation that would provide the National Institutes of Health with $4.8 billion over the next decade for a set of research initiatives, including brain and cancer research and efforts to develop so-called precision medicine treatments that are tailored to an individual’s genetic makeup. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Spanish Military Flies Lab Animals to Canary Islands after Airlines Refuse to Take Them on Board

Twenty-nine transgenic mice that two Spanish airlines had refused to transport hitched a ride to the Canary Islands on a military plane and are now at their final destination, the University of La Laguna on Tenerife in Spain. The mice, bred in the United States, had been stranded in Madrid for two months because Iberia and Air Europa have stopped shipping laboratory animals. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW EMBL-Cancer Core Europe Conference: Cancer Immunotherapy
February 2-4, 2017
Heidelberg, Germany

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NEW Faculty Positions – Cancer Immunology (University of New Mexico)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of HIV-1 and Cancer (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Researcher Position – Immunology/Molecular Biology (Duke University)

Postdoctoral Position – Development of Immune System (Lund University)

Scientist – T Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes (Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen)

Assistant Professor – Microbiology and Immunology (University of California, San Francisco)

Postdoctoral Fellow or Research Associate – Immunology (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center – Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (Brigham and Women’s Hospital)

Principal Investigator – Immunology (Singapore Immunology Network)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Klinikum der Universität München)

Faculty Positions – Immunology (Ohio State University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Immunology (University of California San Diego School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Stem Cell Biology & Immunology (Toronto General Research Institute & McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine)

Assistant Associate – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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