Human Immunology News Volume 5.08 | Feb 28 2017

TOP STORY

Human Adaptive Immunity Rescues an Inborn Error of Innate Immunity

The authors describe eight related individuals with autosomal recessive TIRAP deficiency. Life-threatening staphylococcal disease occurred during childhood in the proband, but not in the other seven homozygotes. Responses to all Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR2/6, and TLR4 agonists were impaired in the fibroblasts and leukocytes of all TIRAP-deficient individuals. [Cell] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

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A Divergent Population of Autoantigen-Responsive CD4⁺ T Cells in Infants Prior to β Cell Autoimmunity

Investigators longitudinally followed at-risk children from infancy and performed single-cell gene expression in β cell antigen–responsive CD4⁺ T cells through pre- and established autoimmune phases. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release

BAFF- and TACI-Dependent Processing of BAFFR by ADAM Proteases Regulates the Survival of B Cells

Researchers report that highly regulated B cell activating factor (BAFF)R processing events modulated BAFF responses. BAFFR processing was triggered by BAFF binding in B cells co-expressing TACI and it was executed by the metalloproteases ADAM10 and ADAM17. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

BET-Bromodomain Inhibitors Engage the Host Immune System and Regulate Expression of the Immune Checkpoint Ligand PD-L1

BET inhibitors directly repressed constitutively expressed and interferon-gamma induced CD274 expression across different human and mouse tumor cell lines and primary patient samples. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

ErbB4 Signaling Stimulates Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Apoptosis and Limits Colonic Inflammation

In vitro, pro-inflammatory activation of cultured murine and human macrophages induced ErbB4 expression; in contrast, other ErbB family members were not induced in pro-inflammatory cells, and other innate immune lineages did not express detectable ErbB4 levels. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Single CD28 Stimulation Induces Stable and Polyclonal Expansion of Human Regulatory T Cells

Single-CD28 stimulation of human Treg in the presence of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2), as compared to CD3/CD28/rhIL-2 stimulation, led to higher expression levels of FOXP3. Although the single-CD28 expanded Treg population was equally suppressive to CD3/CD28 expanded Treg, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was strongly inhibited. [Sci Rep] Full Article

CD8⁺ T Cells Promote Proliferation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cells under Low Androgen Level via Modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 Signaling Pathway

Scientists found that CD8⁺ T cells have the capacity to promote proliferation of BPH epithelial cells (BECs) in low androgen condition. Suppressed CCL5/STAT5 signals via CCL5 neutralizing antibody or STAT5 inhibitor Pimozide led to reverse CD8⁺ T cell-enhanced BECs proliferation. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Analysis of FOXP3⁺ Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood and Tissue of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The authors analyzed CD4⁺ T cell subpopulations with regulatory T cell-related phenotypes and their association with disease activity in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. [Immunol Res] Abstract

Decreased Frequencies of Peripheral Blood CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^–Foxp3⁺ in Patients with Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Orbitopathy: Enhancing Effect of Insulin Growth Factor-1 on Treg Cells

Investigators analyzed the expression of regulatory T (Treg) cell markers on T cells and their ability to respond to IGF-1 stimulation. In patients with Graves’ disease without Graves’ orbitopathy, they found lowered percentages of CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ cells, as compared to nodular goiter 1.77 vs. 5.42%. [Horm Metab Res] Abstract

Epigenomics of Human CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Aging

Using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing, researchers inferred that the transcription factor binding activities correlated with naïve and central and effector memory CD8 T cell states in young adults. [Sci Immunol] Abstract

Tracking the Fate and Origin of Clinically Relevant Adoptively Transferred CD8⁺ T Cells In Vivo

Scientists applied high-throughput T cell receptor Vβ sequencing to identify individual clonotypes within cytotoxic T cell products, track them in vivo after infusion, and then deduce the preadoptive transfer frequencies of cells ultimately responsible for tumor regression. [Sci Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

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JAK/STAT Pathway Directed Therapy of T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Inspired by Functional and Structural Genomics

The insight that disorders of the γc/JAK/STAT system are pervasive suggests approaches, including those that target gamma cytokines, their receptors or that use JAK kinase inhibitors, may be of value in multicomponent therapy for T-cell malignancies. [Mol Cell Endocrinol] Abstract

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University of Pennsylvania Announces Cancer Research Alliance with Incyte

The University of Pennsylvania and Incyte Corporation have announced a research alliance to propel advances in cancer biology and immunotherapy. [The University of Pennsylvania] Press Release

Gamida Cell Announces First Patient Transplanted in Phase III Registration Study of NiCord for Blood Cancers

Gamida Cell announced that the first patient has been transplanted in the company’s Phase III study of NiCord^®, in development as a cure for patients with blood cancer who do not have a fully matched donor required for bone marrow transplantation. [Gamida Cell] Press Release

Kite Announces Positive Topline Primary Results of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel from First Pivotal CAR-T Trial in Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Kite Pharma, Inc. announced positive data from the primary analysis of ZUMA-1 for its lead CAR-T candidate, axicabtagene ciloleucel, in patients with chemorefractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [Kite Pharma, Inc.] Press Release

MIODx Licenses Key Immunotherapy Technologies from UCSF

MIODx announced that it has signed an exclusive license for two key immunotherapy technologies from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). [MIODx (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Trump’s 2018 Budget Will Squeeze Civilian Science Agencies

The chunk of the federal budget that includes most of the U.S. government’s spending on basic science would shrink by 10.5% in 2018 under a plan outlined by President Donald Trump and administration officials. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Departing Senior NSF Manager Offers Hopeful Assessment of Agency’s Future

The top aide to National Science Foundation (NSF) Director France Córdova has returned to his university after failing to win confirmation as deputy NSF director. But engineer Richard Buckius says his departure, less than a week after President Donald Trump took office, was long in the cards and not a political statement. In fact, Buckius predicts that NSF and academic research will do fine under the new Trump administration. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

UK Scientists Welcome Changes to Controversial Research Reforms

Amendments aim to protect autonomy and the independence of research funders from political interference. [Nature News] Editorial

Two Top Chinese-American Scientists Have Dropped Their U.S. Citizenship

Two top Chinese scientists, one a Nobel laureate and the other a winner of a top computer science prize, have renounced their U.S. citizenship to become citizens of China. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

U.S. Researchers Guilty of Misconduct Later Won More than $100 Million in NIH Grants, Study Finds

Many believe that once a scientist is found guilty of research misconduct, his or her scientific career is over. But a new study suggests that, for many U.S. researchers judged to have misbehaved, there is such a thing as a second chance. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Biologists Propose to Sequence the DNA of All Life on Earth

At a meeting organized by the Smithsonian Initiative on Biodiversity Genomics and the Shenzhen, China–based sequencing powerhouse BGI, a small group of researchers upped the ante even more, announcing their intent to, eventually, sequence “all life on Earth.” [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Immunology 2017
May 12-16, 2017
Washington, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Stromal Tissue Imprinting of Immune Cell Function (AstraZeneca)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation & Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies, Inc.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Development of Immune System (Lund University)

Research Investigator – Immuno-Oncology (Bristol-Meyers Squibb)

Postdoctoral Position – Interaction between the Immune System and Pancreatic Cancer (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immune Regulation and Human Diseases (The Wistar Institute)

Bioinformatician – Immunology (KOTAI Biotechnologies, Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology (Moderna Therapeutics)

Research Scientist – CAR-T Start-Up (Leucid Bio)

Research Assistant/Associate – Infection and Immunity (University College London)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology, Lung Biology, and Respiratory Infections (Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (The University of Texas Medical School at Houston)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Immunology (University of California San Diego School of Medicine)

Assistant Associate – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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