Human Immunology News Volume 6.31 | Aug 7 2018

TOP STORY

Regulation of miR-181a Expression in T Cell Aging

Scientists examined the transcriptional regulation of miR-181a expression and found a putative pri-miR-181a enhancer around position 198,904,300 on chromosome 1, which was regulated by a transcription factor complex including YY1. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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Myeloid Apolipoprotein E Controls Dendritic Cell Antigen Presentation and T Cell Activation

Humans expressing apolipoprotein E (apoE)4 isoform had increased circulating levels of activated T cells compared to those expressing WT apoE3 or apoE2 isoform. This increase was caused by enhanced antigen-presentation by apoE4-expressing dendritic cells (DCs), and was reversed when these DCs were incubated with serum containing WT apoE3. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Anti-CTLA-4 Immunotherapy Does Not Deplete FOXP3⁺ Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in Human Cancers

Quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the densities of intratumoral CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and FOXP3⁺ cells in stage-matched melanoma, prostate cancer and bladder cancer samples treated with ipilimumab and in paired melanoma tumors treated with tremelimumab. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract

HDAC11 Regulates Interleukin-13 Expression in CD4⁺ T Cells in the Heart

Investigators elucidated the role of histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) in the regulation of interleukin-13-expression in CD4⁺ T cells of heart tissue in patients with myocarditis. [J Mol Cell Cardiol] Abstract

Increased CD4⁺ T Cell Lineage Commitment Determined by CpG Methylation Correlates with Better Prognosis in Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients

Blood, tumor and regional lymph nodes were obtained from patients at time of transurethral resection of the bladder and at radical cystectomy. Tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺ lymphocytes were significantly hypomethylated in all four investigated lineage loci compared to CD4⁺ lymphocytes in lymph nodes and blood. [Clin Epigenetics] Full Article

Infusion of Ex-Vivo Expanded Human TCR-αβ⁺ Double-Negative Regulatory T Cells Delays Onset of Xenogeneic Graft-versus-Host Disease

Scientists describe an approach that allows for ~3500-fold ex-vivo expansion of human double-negative regulatory T cells within three weeks with > 97% purity. [Clin Exp Immunol] Abstract

Human T Cells Modulate Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells through a TNF-α-Mediated Mechanism

Researchers analyzed the effect of different T-cell subsets on the generation and survival of human myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Immunol Lett] Abstract

Streptococcus mutans Activates the AIM2, NLRP3 and NLRC4 Inflammasomes in Human THP-1 Macrophages

Investigators examined the signalling mechanism of interleukin-1β secretion and the inflammasome pathway induced by S. mutans to explain the molecular mechanism through which systemic infection by oral streptococci can occur. [Int J Oral Sci] Full Article

Progressive Peripheral CD8⁺ T Lymphocytosis Complicated by Pure Red Cell Aplasia following Immunosuppressive Therapy for Thymoma-Associated Myasthenia Gravis

The authors report a unique case of type B2 thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis which was ameliorated by immunosuppressive therapy in combination with chemotherapy. [Int Immunopharmacol] Abstract

Neutrophil Cytoplasts Induce T_H17 Differentiation and Skew Inflammation toward Neutrophilia in Severe Asthma

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with severe asthma and high neutrophil counts had detectable neutrophil extracellular traps and cytoplasts that were positively correlated with IL-17 levels. [Sci Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

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The Clinical Importance of CD4⁺CD7⁻ in Human Diseases

The CD7 antigen is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that expresses on the surface of all thymocytes, a majority of mature T cells, and also natural killer cells. Interestingly, under physiological and different pathological conditions, the loss of CD7 antigen occurred in the subset of CD4⁺ memory T cells. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

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Comprehensive CAR T-Cell Therapy Pediatric Guidelines Developed by MD Anderson in Collaboration with the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network

Almost one year after the FDA approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network published treatment guidelines for managing the treatment in the online issue of Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology. [The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center] Press Release

bluebird bio and Regeneron Announce Collaboration to Discover, Develop and Commercialize New Cell Therapies for Cancer

bluebird bio, Inc. and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced a collaboration to apply their respective technology platforms to the discovery, development and commercialization of novel immune cell therapies for cancer. [bluebird bio, Inc.] Press Release

Japanese University Investigates Claim that It Downgraded Female Test Scores

A prominent Japanese medical school is investigating reports that staff allegedly altered test scores to reduce the number of female students accepted onto its degree course. [Nature News] Editorial

Australian Universities Condemn Romantic Supervisor-Student Relationships

Academics should be removed from their supervisory, teaching or assessment roles if they develop a romantic relationship with one of their students, say organizations that represents Australian universities and students. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell & Gene Therapy
October 10-11, 2018
London, United Kingdom

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NEW Faculty Position – Aging and the Immune System (Mayo Clinic)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Autoimmunity (Medical University of South Carolina)

Research Assistant – Immune Response (University of Cambridge)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Innate Immunity (Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity (The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunotherapy (California Institute for Biomedical Research)

Postdoctoral Fellowship Position – Innate Immunity and Neurodegeneration (The Mount Sinai Health System)

Associate Professor or Senior Scientist – Immunological Methods and Immune System of Production Animals (Aarhus University)

PhD Student – Cellular Immunotherapy (Glycostem Therapeutics)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunoengineering for Muscle Regeneration (Duke University)

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