Human Immunology News Volume 6.39 | Oct 2 2018

TOP STORY

PD-1 Up-Regulation on CD4⁺ T Cells Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis through STAT3-Mediated IL-17A and TGF-β1 Production

To identify immune responses that precede collagen deposition, investigators conducted molecular, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric analysis of human and murine specimens. Immunohistochemistry revealed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) up-regulation on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lymphocytes. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Control of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Development by Clonally-Expanded CD8⁺ T-Cells that Undergo Functional Exhaustion in Secondary Lymphoid Tissues

Researchers utilized the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as blood and lymph node samples of CLL patients to investigate the existence of anti-tumoral immune responses in CLL, and to characterize involved immune cell populations. [Leukemia] Abstract

Substance P and IL-33 Administered Together Stimulate a Marked Secretion of IL-1β from Human Mast Cells, Inhibited by Methoxyluteolin

Substance P administered together with IL-33 to human cultured LAD2 mast cells stimulated a marked increase in secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

T Follicular Helper Cells Restricted by IRF8 Contribute to T Cell-Mediated Inflammation

Scientists demonstrated that intestinal tissues of patients and colon tissues obtained from Rag1^−/− recipients of naïve CD4⁺ T cells with colitis, each over-expressed follicular helper T cell-associated gene products. [J Autoimmun] Abstract

T Cell Receptor Alpha Repertoire of CD8⁺ T Cells following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Next-Generation Sequencing

Using next generation sequencing, the T cell receptor alpha repertoire of naive and memory CD8⁺ T cells from 25 patients who had received different forms of allogeneic transplantation was analyzed. [Haematologica] Abstract

HIV-1 Nef Disrupts CD4⁺ T Lymphocyte Polarity, Extravasation, and Homing to Lymph Nodes via Its Nef-Associated Kinase Complex Interface

In a search for an alternative mechanism by which Nef could alter T lymphocyte extravasation, the authors noted that the viral protein interferes with the polarization of primary human CD4⁺ T lymphocytes upon infection with HIV-1. [J Immunol] Abstract

Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes Is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease

Using proteomic shot gun strategy, performed by nanoACQUITY-UPLC system, scientists analyzed monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and uninfected individuals. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Candida albicans Ras1 Inactivation Increases Resistance to Phagosomal Killing by Human Neutrophils

Host phagocytic cells are crucial players in initial defense against C. albicans infection. C. albicans utilizes MAP kinases and Ras1 stress response signaling pathways to protect itself from killing by immune cells. Researchers tested the importance of these pathways on C. albicans phagocytosis by neutrophils and subsequent phagosomal survival. [Infect Immun] Abstract

MYD88 L265P Mutation Promoted Malignant B Cell Resistance against T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity via Upregulating the IL-10/STAT3 Cascade

Investigators demonstrated that, when incubated with autologous CD8⁺ T cells, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) L265P mutant lymphomas were more resistant to granzyme B- and perforin-mediated killing than MYD88 wild-type lymphomas. [Int Immunopharmacol] Abstract

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The Role of Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunity

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key orchestrators of immune responses. A specific DC subset, conventional type 1 DCs, has been recently associated with human cancer patient survival and, in preclinical models, is critical for the spontaneous rejection of immunogenic cancers and for the success of T cell–based immunotherapies. [Trends Cancer] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

Nobel Prize for Medicine Goes to Cancer Immune Therapy Pioneers

Immunologists James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo have won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their pioneering work in the relatively new field of cancer immunotherapy. [Scientific American] Press Release

Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions Signs Three-Year Agreement with GSK to Provide Clinical Manufacturing for T Cell Therapy

Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, LLC announced that they have signed a three-year clinical manufacturing agreement with GSK. Under the agreement, HCATS will manufacture GSK’s SPEAR T-cell receptor therapy targeting NY-ESO-1 for the US, Canadian and European trials. [Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, LLC (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Kite and HiFiBiO Therapeutics Announce a Research Collaboration to Develop Technology for the Potential Discovery of Neoantigen-Reactive T Cell Receptors (TCRS) for the Treatment of Cancer

Kite and HiFiBiO Therapeutics announced the companies have entered into a research collaboration and license agreement to develop technology supporting the discovery of neoantigen-reactive for the potential treatment of various cancers, including solid tumors. [HiFiBiO Therapeutics] Press Release

CytoSen Therapeutics and KBI Biopharma Enter into Strategic Partnership to Manufacture NK Cells and Nanoparticles

CytoSen Therapeutics and KBI Biopharma announced a strategic partnership to manufacture therapeutic Natural Killer (NK) cells using a proprietary and scalable, closed system manufacturing process. [CytoSen Therapeutics] Press Release

UCI Researchers Awarded $3.4M NIH “Cancer Moonshot” Grant to Study Potential Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy

UCI School of Medicine researchers have been awarded a $3.4 million grant by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as part of the Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot initiative. [University of California, Irvine] Press Release

Loyola to Become First Chicago Center to Produce Cancer-Fighting CAR-T Cells

Loyola University Chicago and Loyola Medicine have announced plans to become the first Chicago center to produce cancer-fighting CAR-T cells to treat leukemia and lymphoma. [Loyola Medicine] Press Release

China To Train African Scientists as Part of $60-Billion Development Plan

China wants to train Africa’s next generation of scientists. Its lofty goal is to improve African science in fields from agriculture and climate change to quantum physics and artificial intelligence. [Nature News] Editorial

U.K. Scientists ‘Are Going to Be All Right,’ After Brexit, Science Minister Promises

In January, U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May appointed Sam Gyimah as science and universities minister as a part of a broader cabinet reshuffle. During his visit, Gyimah spoke with Science about the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, a topic that is causing a great deal of anxiety among U.K. scientists. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Airlines Fight Effort to Force Them to Carry Lab Animals

A last-ditch attempt by biomedical science advocates to force airlines to transport nonhuman primates and other research animals appears to be facing stiff headwinds. Four international carriers strongly urged the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to summarily reject a plea from a leading research advocacy organization to order the airlines to resume flying animals to research facilities around the world. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 60^th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition
December 1-4, 2018
San Diego, California, United States

NEW 2^nd Human & Translational Immunology Conference
May 29-June 3, 2019
Kos Island, Greece

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Autophagy and Aging (University of Oxford)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Assistant II – Immunology (Baylor College of Medicine)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Benaroya Research Institute)

Faculty Position – Systems Immunology (Benaroya Research Institute)

Project Leader – Immuno-Oncology (CELLECTIS Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Foxp3+ T-Regulatory in Autoimmunity and Transplantation (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

Postdoctoral Associates – Cancer Immunology and/or Bioinformatics (Emory University)

Institute Group Leader – Lymphocyte Biology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Therapeutics and Immunotherapy (Emory University)

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