Human Immunology News Volume 7.19 | May 21 2019

TOP STORY

Longitudinal Analysis of the Human B Cell Response to Ebola Virus Infection

Scientists performed a longitudinal study of B cell responses to Ebola virus (EBOV) in four survivors of the 2014 West African outbreak. Infection induced lasting EBOV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but their subclass composition changed over time, with IgG1 persisting, IgG3 rapidly declining, and IgG4 appearing late. [Cell] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

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Tissue Patrol by Resident Memory CD8⁺ T Cells in Human Skin

Using nanobody labeling, researchers demonstrated in human ex vivo skin that CD8⁺ tissue-resident memory T cells migrated through the papillary dermis and the epidermis, below sessile Langerhans cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Induction of Neoantigen-Reactive T Cells from Healthy Donors

The authors describe a standardized protocol for the induction of neoepitope-reactive T cells from healthy donor T cell repertoires, unaffected by the potentially immunosuppressive environment of the tumor-bearing host. [Nat Protoc] Abstract

Diverse MR1-Restricted T Cells in Mice and Humans

Investigators generated Traj33-deficient mice and showed that they are highly depleted of mucosal-associated invariant T cells; however, a residual population remains and can respond to exogenous antigen in vitro or pulmonary Legionella challenge in vivo. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Innate Lymphocyte-Induced CXCR3B-Mediated Melanocyte Apoptosis Is a Potential Initiator of T-Cell Autoreactivity in Vitiligo

Scientists demonstrated increased presence of type-1 innate lymphoid cells-producing interferon gamma in the blood and in non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Epigenetic Upregulation of FKBP5 by Aging and Stress Contributes to NF-κB-Driven Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk

Experiments in immune cells showed that higher FKBP5 promoted inflammation by strengthening the interactions of NF-κB regulatory kinases, whereas opposing FKBP5 either by genetic deletion or selective pharmacological inhibition prevented the effects on NF-κB. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Signals Trigger State-Specific Transcriptional Programs to Support Diversity and Homeostasis in Immune Cells

Researchers performed single-cell analyses of the mRNAs and proteins of human macrophages to compare their responses to the signaling molecules lipopolysaccharide, a component of Gram-negative bacteria, and palmitate, a free fatty acid. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Th1, Th17, and Treg Responses are Differently Modulated by TNF-α Inhibitors and Methotrexate in Psoriasis Patients

The authors evaluated the adaptive immune profile of patients with severe psoriasis under immunobiological treatment at two time points. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Expansion of Different Subpopulations of CD26^−/low T Cells in Allergic and Non-Allergic Asthmatics

Investigators compared the expression of CD26 and CD126 in lymphocytes from different groups of donors: allergic and non-allergic asthma, rhinitis, and healthy subjects. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Regulatory Immune Mechanisms beyond Regulatory T Cells

The authors highlight questions surrounding regulatory T cell transfers as putative treatments for autoimmunity. They discuss whether lack of antigenic recognition might be key to shifting cells from contributing to an aggressive autoresponse, to being part of a regulatory network. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field.

Adaptimmune and Alpine Immune Sciences Announce Collaboration and License Agreement to Develop Next-Generation SPEAR T-Cell Products

Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc and Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. announced a collaboration and license agreement to develop next-generation SPEAR T-cell products which incorporate Alpine’s secreted and transmembrane immunomodulatory protein technology. [Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc] Press Release

Avalon GloboCare Partners with MIT to Develop Innovative AI-Enhanced Protein Design Technology in Cellular Therapy

Avalon GloboCare Corp. announced it has entered into a sponsored research and licensing agreement with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to generate novel therapeutic targets for cellular therapy using artificial intelligence (AI) enhanced protein design “QTY Code” technology. [Avalon GloboCare Corp.] Press Release

NSF, NASA, NIST Would Get Funding Boosts under House Spending Bill

The National Science Foundation (NSF) would get a 7% budget increase, and NASA a 3.8% bump, under a 2020 spending bill approved by an appropriations panel of the US House of Representatives. The bill rejects cuts to those and other federal research agencies proposed by President Donald Trump’s administration. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

National Cancer Institute Will Stop Funding Nanotechnology Centers

The end to funding represents a “natural transition” from putting dedicated support into an emerging field to becoming a more mature research field that fits in with other cancer fields, says Piotr Grodzinski of the National Cancer Institute’s Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, which oversees the Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, to Science. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Pediatric Allergy & Asthma Meeting (PAAM) 2019
October 17-19, 2019
Florence, Italy

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Researcher – Tumor Responses to Radiotherapy & Immunotherapy (University Hospital of Northern Norway)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Interaction of Fungal Cells and Immune Cells (Universität Würzburg)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (KU Leuven)

Professor – Basal Allergy and Immunology (Aarhus University)

Postdoctoral Opportunities – Tumor Microenvironment/Immunology (Oregon Health & Science University)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Mucosal Immunology and the Microbiome (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immunology and Bioengineering (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Postdoctoral Associate – Cancer Biology/Tumor Immunology (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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