Human Immunology News Volume 7.24 | Jun 25 2019

TOP STORY

Differential Expression of Plg-RKT and Its Effects on Migration of Proinflammatory Monocyte and Macrophage Subsets

Researchers investigated expression of Plg-RKT by monocyte and macrophage subsets and whether potential differential expression might have functional consequences for cell migration. Pro-inflammatory CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺ human monocytes and Ly6C^high mouse monocytes expressed the highest levels of Plg-RKT and bound significantly more plasminogen compared to the other respective subsets. [Blood] Abstract

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Bystander Responses Impact Accurate Detection of Murine and Human Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells

Scientists used an attenuated whole parasite malaria vaccine model in humans and various experimental infections in mice to show that the duration of antigenic stimulation and timing of brefeldin A addition influenced the magnitude of antigen-specific and bystander T cell responses. [J Clin Invest] Abstract | Full Article

Chronic Stimulation Drives Human NK Cell Dysfunction and Epigenetic Reprogramming

The authors showed that chronic stimulation of adaptive natural killer (NK) cells through NKG2C using plate-bound agonistic antibodies in combination with IL-15 drove robust proliferation and activation of CD3^–CD56^dimCD57⁺NKG2C⁺ NK cells while simultaneously inducing high expression of the checkpoint inhibitory receptors LAG-3 and PD-1. [J Clin Invest] Abstract | Full Article

Identification of HIV Transmitting CD11c⁺ Human Epidermal Dendritic Cells

Compared to Langerhans cells, epidermal CD11c⁺ dendritic cells were enriched in anogenital tissues where they preferentially interacted with HIV, expressed the higher levels of HIV entry receptor CCR5, supported the higher levels of HIV uptake and replication and were more efficient at transmitting the virus to CD4 T cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

P2X7 Receptor Induces Mitochondrial Failure in Monocytes and Compromises NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation during Sepsis

In monocytes from sepsis patients, the P2X7 receptor was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, activation of the P2X7 receptor resulted in mitochondrial damage, which in turn inhibited NLRP3 activation by HIF-1α. [Nat Commun] Full Article

CD32 Expressing Doublets in HIV-Infected Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Are Associated with a T Follicular Helper Cell Phenotype

Given the importance of gut-associated lymphoid tissue as a reservoir for HIV, investigators looked for expression of CD32 on gut CD4 T cells and for evidence of doublets, and any relationship with HIV DNA in HIV⁺ individuals initiated on antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV infection. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

Platelet Factor 4-Containing Immune Complexes Induce Platelet Activation Followed by Calpain-Dependent Platelet Death

Scientists studied immediate and delayed effects of the complexes formed by human platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-like monoclonal mouse anti-human-PF4/heparin IgG antibodies on isolated human platelets in vitro. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article

CD163⁺ Immune Cell Infiltrates and Presence of CD54⁺ Microvessels Are Prognostic Markers for Patients with Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Focusing on two common types of rhabdomyosarcoma, the authors performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The Characterization of Regulatory T-Cell Profiles in Alzheimer’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

Researchers analyzed similarities and differences in regulatory T cell profiles between Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Regulatory T cells were identified using an innovative flow cytometry method and subtyped as resting, activated and secreting cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

B Cell Depletion Treatment Decreases CD4⁺IL4⁺ and CD4⁺CD40L⁺ T Cells in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Based on experimental data suggesting a key role of B and T cells in scleroderma investigators explored the effect(s) of rituximab treatment on T cell subpopulations. [Rheumatol Int] Abstract

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Potential Mechanisms of T Cell-Mediated and Eosinophil-Independent Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness

Scientists summarize the contribution of several T cell subsets in the development of bronchial asthma and introduce their recent study demonstrating Th9 cell-mediated and eosinophil-independent bronchial hyperresponsiveness. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

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NantKwest Launches First-in-Class, First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Trial with a Targeted PD-L1 t-haNK Cell Therapy in Patients with Solid Tumors

NantKwest Inc. announced that the company’s PD-L1 t-haNK investigational new drug application has cleared FDA review and the program has now transitioned to a first-in-human clinical trial in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid cancers. [NantKwest Inc.] Press Release

Incysus Therapeutics Announces Publication of US Patent for Drug Resistant Immunotherapy (DRI) Technology

Incysus Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the United States Patent and Trademark Office has issued US Patent No. 10,322,145 titled “Drug Resistant Immunotherapy for Treatment of a Cancer.” [Incysus Therapeutics, Inc. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

IsoPlexis Receives $4 Million National Cancer Institute Grant for Commercialization of IsoLight for CAR-T Functional Quality Profiling

IsoPlexis announced that it has received $4 million in grant funding from the National Cancer Institute’s Small Business Innovation Research Development Center as a part of the commercialization of the IsoLight system for use in CAR-T therapy product evaluation, quality check pre-infusion, and correlative studies. [IsoPlexis (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Iranian Biologists Face US Trial for Trying to Take Proteins Out of the Country

Three Iranian biologists are facing trial in a US court over charges that they violated trade sanctions by attempting to export chemicals known as growth factors, which are commonly used in medical research. The scientists have asked a federal district court judge in Atlanta, Georgia, to dismiss the criminal charges against them. [Nature News] Editorial

House Panel Clarifies How Universities Would Report Sexual Harassment Cases to US Funders

New rules from the National Science Foundation (NSF) on reporting sexual harassment by someone with an NSF grant raise questions about due process, university administrators say. A key congressional panel took those concerns to heart by modifying language in a bill that would require the administration to write guidelines applying to half a dozen major federal research agencies. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Barrier Immunity
September 18, 2019
London, United Kingdom

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