Human Immunology News Volume 7.25 | Jul 2 2019

TOP STORY

Immune Evasion before Tumor Invasion in Early Lung Squamous Carcinogenesis

Scientists showed that immune activation and immune escape occur before tumor invasion, and revealed the relevant immune biomarkers of the pre-invasive stages of carcinogenesis in the lung. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Neutrophils Driving Unconventional T Cells Mediate Resistance against Murine Sarcomas and Selected Human Tumors

Using a genetic approach complemented by adoptive transfer, researchers found that neutrophils were essential for resistance against primary 3-methylcholantrene-induced carcinogenesis. [Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

The Macrophage Tetraspan MS4A4A Enhances Dectin-1-Dependent NK Cell-Mediated Resistance to Metastasis

The authors report that MS4A4A was restricted to murine and human mononuclear phagocytes and was induced during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in the presence of interleukin 4 or dexamethasone. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Generate Abundant and Functional Neoantigen-Specific CD8⁺ T Cell Responses

Investigators report that pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have tumor-associated neoepitope-specific CD8⁺ T cells, responding to 86% of tested neoantigens and recognizing 68% of the tested neoepitopes. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Human Lung Cancer

Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of tissue-resident memory T (T_RM) and non-T_RM cells present in tumor and normal lung tissue from patients with lung cancer revealed that PD-1-expressing T_RM cells in tumors were clonally expanded and enriched for transcripts linked to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when compared with PD-1-expressing non-T_RM cells. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

The P-Selectin and PSGL-1 Axis Accelerates Atherosclerosis via Activation of Dendritic Cells by the TLR4 Signaling Pathway

Scientists investigated the role of P-selectin and its receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1 on atherosclerosis via activation of dendritic cells. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

LILRB1 Blockade Enhances Bispecific T Cell Engager Antibody-Induced Tumor Cell Killing by Effector CD8⁺ T Cells

To understand mechanisms regulating bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecule-mediated CD8⁺ T cell activity against solid tumors, investigators sought to define human CD8⁺ T cell populations that efficiently respond to BiTE molecule stimulation and identify factors regulating their cytolytic activity. [J Immunol] Abstract | Full Article

Elevated Numbers of PD-L1 Expressing B Cells Are Associated with the Development of AIDS-NHL

Researchers assessed B cell programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on B cells preceding AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) diagnosis in a nested case-control study of HIV⁺ subjects who went on to develop AIDS-NHL, as well as HIV⁺ subjects who did not, using multi-color flow cytometry. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Tumor- and Cytokine-Primed Human Natural Killer Cells Exhibit Distinct Phenotypic and Transcriptional Signatures

The authors investigated the consequences of co-incubation with K562, CTV-1, Daudi RPMI-8226, and MCF-7 tumor cell lines on the phenotype, cytokine expression profile, and transcriptome of human natural killer cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

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Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Cancer Immunosurveillance

The authors highlight defining features of tumor-localizing tissue-resident CD8⁺ memory T cells, examine the mechanisms through which they have recently been shown to suppress cancer growth, and explore their potential as future targets of cancer immunotherapy. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

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Vycellix Founders Awarded Innovation Grant by Sweden’s Vinnova to Establish New World-Class Research Environment on Development of Next-Generation Natural Killer Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy

Vycellix™, Inc. announced that the company has been included as a collaborative partner in the new Competence Center for Next-Generation NK Cell-based Cancer Immunotherapy being established at Karolinska Institutet. [Vycellix™, Inc.] Press Release

OncoSec Receives Exclusive Licensing Rights from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute to CAR T-Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Solid Tumor Cancers

OncoSec Medical Incorporated announced that it has entered into a collaboration with Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and The Marasco Laboratory to develop CAR T-cell therapies for triple-negative breast cancer and other solid tumor cancers. [OncoSec Medical Incorporated (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

Exclusive: FDA Enforcement Actions Plummet Under Trump

From monitoring clinical trials and approving medicines and vaccines, to ensuring the safety of blood transfusions, medical devices, groceries, and more, the FDA is one of the nation’s most vital watchdogs. By several measures, however, FDA’s compliance and enforcement actions have plummeted since President Donald Trump took office, Science has found. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Germany’s Prestigious Max Planck Society Conducts Huge Bullying Survey

Most of the scientists who work for one of the world’s richest and most prestigious basic research organizations, the Max Planck Society (MPS) in Germany, have pride and trust in their institutes — but cases of sexual discrimination and bullying occur regularly, and nearly half of foreign scientists working for the MPS don’t feel they fit in. [Nature News] Editorial

Taiwan to Crack Down on Unauthorized Research Collaborations With Mainland China

According to Taiwan’s Central News Agency, the island’s government is investigating seven researchers for allegedly joining a prestigious program sponsored by the mainland China government to lure academics to the mainland without the necessary permissions. [Nature News] Editorial

India Culls Hundreds More ‘Dubious’ Journals From Government Approved List

A rise in Indian scientists publishing research in low-quality journals prompted the University Grants Commission to create a ‘white list’ of approved journals in 2017. Universities use the list to evaluate researchers for promotion and hiring. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 17^th International Congress of Immunology
October 19-23, 2019
Beijing, China

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Molecular Immunology (Babraham Institute)

NEW PhD Fellowship – Immunology (University of Oslo)

Senior Scientist – Immuno-Oncology of Hematologic Malignancies (University of Kansas School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology (Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

Senior Research Assistant – Immunology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Boston University)

Researcher – Tumor Responses to Radiotherapy & Immunotherapy (University Hospital of Northern Norway)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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