Human Immunology News 7.41 October 22, 2019 | |
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TOP STORYMitochondrial Fragmentation Limits NK Cell-Based Tumor Immunosurveillance The authors found that tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells in human liver cancers had small, fragmented mitochondria in their cytoplasm, whereas liver NK cells outside tumors, as well as peripheral NK cells, had normal large, tubular mitochondria. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Researchers mapped the genomic and transcriptomic changes in human mast cells upon diverse stimuli. Their analyses revealed broad H3K4me3 domains and enhancers associated with activation. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Investigators examined the structural and molecular mechansims of neutralization by anti-membrane-proximal external region (MPER) bnAb, LN01, which was isolated from lymph-node-derived germinal center B cells of an elite controller and exhibits broad neutralization breadth. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Recognition of Human Gastrointestinal Cancer Neoantigens by Circulating PD-1+ Lymphocytes Scientists used a personalized high-throughput screening strategy to investigate whether PD-1 expression in peripheral blood could be used to identify CD8+ or CD4+ lymphocytes recognizing neoantigens identified by whole-exome sequencing in seven patients with gastrointestinal cancer. [J Clin Invest] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract In a melanoma patient in whom programmed-death 1 (PD-1) blockade resulted in organ rejection and colitis, the addition of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus resulted in ongoing anti-tumor efficacy while promoting allograft tolerance. [Nat Commun] Full Article Investigators used single cell RNA-sequencing to define the heterogeneity of human T cells isolated from lungs, lymph nodes, bone marrow and blood, and their functional responses following stimulation. [Nat Commun] Full Article Administration of CD9 antibody substantially suppressed disease progression in NOD/SCID mice xenografted with CD9+ cell lines and primary leukemic blasts from patients with high-risk and refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, without compromising hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. [Leukemia] Abstract T Cell Repertoire Dynamics during Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Researchers characterized immunomodulation at the single-clone level by sequencing the T cell repertoire in healthy women and female multiple sclerosis (MS) patients over the course of pregnancy. Clonality was significantly reduced from the first to third trimester in MS patients, indicating that the T cell repertoire became less dominated by expanded clones. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Scientists showed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced activation of the inflammatory program and extensive DNA methylation changes, while macrophage-CSF-polarized cells were in a less differentiated state. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Investigators found that receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANK-L (TNFSF11)) was significantly elevated in nasal polyps (NPs), and that the receptor of RANK-L, RANK, was expressed on ILC2s in human peripheral blood and NPs. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract Scientists employed NMR metabolomics to assess how therapeutically promising flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin and naringin) affect the metabolism of human macrophages, with a view to better understand their biological targets and activity. [Sci Rep] Full Article Investigators created a natural killer (NK) cell feeder cell line termed ‘NKF’ through overexpressing membrane bound IL-21 that was capable of inducing robust and sustained proliferation of highly cytotoxic NK cells. The expanded NK cells exhibit increased cytotoxic function against a panel of blood cancer and solid tumor cells as compared to IL-2-activated non-expanded NK cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Immunology of Infectious Disease News & Immune Regulation News. | |
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REVIEWSHuman Macrophages and Innate Lymphoid Cells: Tissue-resident Innate Immunity in Humanized Mice Complementary to ex vivo studies with human cells, humanized mice offer the opportunity to study human macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in vivo within their surrounding tissue microenvironments. The authors discuss how humanized mice have helped gain new knowledge about the basic biology of these cells, as well as their function in infectious and malignant conditions. [Biochem Pharmacol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the human immunology research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSThe UCLA Jonsson Cancer Center has launched a pioneering CAR T cell immunotherapy trial that will attack cancer cells by simultaneously recognizing two targets – CD19 and CD20 – that are expressed on B-cell lymphoma and leukemia. [UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center] Press Release Nplate® (Romiplostim) Now Approved for Earlier Use In Adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia Amgen announced that the FDA approved Amgen’s Supplemental Biologics License Application for Nplate® to include new data in its US prescribing information showing sustained platelet responses in adults with immune thrombocytopenia, a rare, serious autoimmune disease characterized by low platelet counts. [Amgen] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSFemale Researchers in Australia Less Likely to Win Major Medical Grants than Males Female scientists in Australia were less likely to win a major type of medical-research grants this year than their male counterparts, despite an overhaul of the country’s science funding that was supposed to address gender inequity. [Nature News] Editorial Breaking: Trump Names Seven to Revived Presidential Science Advisory Panel Thirty-three months after taking office, President Donald Trump has chosen a group of business leaders to advise him on science and technology policy. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Director of Operations – Immunopathogenesis (The Immunotherapy Assessment Core) NEW Postdoctoral Positions – Immunotherapies (Indiana University School of Medicine) NEW PhD Studentship – Melanoma (Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute) Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Position – Blood Cancer Immunology (University Children’s Hospital Basel) Senior Scientist – Immunology (Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology) Senior Scientific Researcher – Immunology Discovery (Genentech, Inc.) Senior Associate Scientist – Molecular and Cellular Neuroimmunology (Amgen) Research Technician – Immune Cells (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology) Postdoctoral Position – Stem Cell Biology and Immunology (Columbia University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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