Human Immunology News Volume 7.49 | Dec 17 2019

TOP STORY

IL-17⁺ CD8⁺ T Cell Suppression by Dimethyl Fumarate Associates with Clinical Response in Multiple Sclerosis

Researchers showed that amelioration of multiple sclerosis by dimethyl fumarate, a mechanistically elusive drug, associates with suppression of IL-17-producing CD8⁺ cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

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miRNA142-3p Targets Tet2 and Impairs Treg Differentiation and Stability in Models of Type 1 Diabetes

Scientists showed that during islet autoimmunity an miR142-3p/Tet2/Foxp3 axis interfered with the efficient induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells, resulting in impaired Treg stability in mouse and human. [Nat Commun] Full Article

IgGs from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Diabetes Target CaVα2δ1 Subunits Impairing Islet Cell Function and Survival

The authors revealed that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-type 2 diabetes mellitus (ALS-T2DM) carried cytotoxic ALS-T2DM-IgG autoantibodies that served as a causal link between ALS and T2DM by immunoattacking CaVα2δ1 subunits. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

PAK4 Kinase Activity Plays a Crucial Role in the Podosome Ring of Myeloid Cells

Investigators found that treatment of transforming growth factor β-differentiated monocytic cells with a PAK4-targeted inhibitor significantly reduced podosome formation and induced the formation of focal adhesions. [Cell Rep] Full Article

Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Multiple Host Nitrogen Sources during Growth in Human Macrophages

The authors discovered that serine was not available to intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and showed that a serine auxotroph is attenuated in macrophages. [Cell Rep] Full Article

Human Immune Cells Infiltrate the Spinal Cord and Impair Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Humanized Mice

Investigators showed that the developmental age of the human immune system significantly affected anatomical and functional outcome measures in a preclinical model of traumatic spinal cord injury. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Possible Role of Highly Activated Mucosal NK Cells against Viral Respiratory Infections in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Researchers determined T and NK cell numbers together with NK activation status in nasopharyngeal aspirates in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and healthy controls using multiparametric flow cytometry. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Contribution of ROS and Metabolic Status to Neonatal and Adult CD8⁺ T Cell Activation

Scientists evaluated the impact of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of adult and neonatal CD8⁺ T cells on their activation potential. [PLoS One] Full Article

Human Plasma-Like Medium Improves T Lymphocyte Activation

Investigators showed that relative to the medium typically used to culture lymphocytes, a physiologic medium induced markedly different transcriptional responses in human primary T cells, and in addition, improved their activation upon antigen stimulation. [iScience] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

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The Role of Macrophages in Obesity-Associated Islet Inflammation and β-Cell Abnormalities

The authors focus on the characteristics of immune cell-mediated inflammation in islets and the consequences of this with respect to β-cell function. [Nat Rev Endocrinol] Abstract

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Anixa Biosciences Provides Update on CAR-T Program

Anixa Biosciences, Inc. announced an update regarding the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) technology it is developing with its partner, Moffitt Cancer Center. Experimental results indicate that the potential efficacy of this technology as a treatment for ovarian cancer could be greatly improved through additional genetic engineering. [Anixa Biosciences, Inc.] Press Release

Sanofi and Regeneron Announce Intent to Restructure Antibody Collaboration for Kevzara^® (Sarilumab) and Praluent^® (Alirocumab)

Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced their intent to simplify their antibody collaboration for Kevzara^® and Praluent^® by restructuring into a royalty-based agreement. [Sanofi] Press Release

Spending Bill Boosts US Science Budgets, Unlocks Gun Research

For the 2020 fiscal year, most US research agencies will receive a funding increase, according to details of a spending bill released by Congress. [The Scientist] Editorial

Scientists on the Move

In today’s political climate of possible scientific funding cuts and immigration policy uncertainty, headlines forecast a grim effect on scientific research. [Scientific American] Editorial

UK Election Dashes Scientists’ Hopes of Staying in the EU

The United Kingdom is now firmly on the path towards leaving the European Union, after the Conservative party won a majority of 79 seats in yesterday’s general election – a result that has major implications for science. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Tuberculosis: Immunity and Immune Evasion
January 16-20, 2020
Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Scientist – Immunology (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Microbiota in Immune Development (Institut Pasteur of Shanghai)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Vaccines and Immunotherapies (University of Montana)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Autoimmune Pathogenesis (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation)

Post-Doctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunology/Bioengineering (West Virginia University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Infection, Inflammation and Immunology (The Boston University Pulmonary Center)

Group Leader Position – Immunology (Research Institute of Molecular Pathology)

Postdoctoral Position – B Cells (Institut Necker Enfants Malades)

Director of Operations – Immunopathogenesis (The Immunotherapy Assessment Core)

Postdoctoral Positions – Immunotherapies (Indiana University School of Medicine)

PhD Studentship – Melanoma (Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Blood Cancer Immunology (University Children’s Hospital Basel)

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