Human Immunology News Volume 8.23 | Jun 16 2020

May 12, 2022

2020-06-16 | HIN 8.23

Human Immunology News by STEMCELL Technologies

Vol. 8.23 – 16 June, 2020

TOP STORY

DNA of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promotes Cancer Metastasis via CCDC25

Investigators showed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were abundant in the liver metastases of patients with breast and colon cancers, and that serum NETs could predict the occurrence of liver metastases in patients with early-stage breast cancer.
[Nature]

Abstract

Quantify Cytokines with Confidence with High-Performance ELISA Kits

PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

Metabolic Reprograming via Deletion of CISH in Human iPSC-Derived NK Cells Promotes In Vivo Persistence and Enhances Anti-Tumor Activity

The authors developed human cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein-knockout (CISH−/−) NK cells using an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cell (iPSC-NK cell) platform. CISH−/− iPSC-NK cells demonstrated increased IL-15-mediated JAK-STAT signaling activity.
[Cell Stem Cell]

Abstract Graphical Abstract

Dissecting Intratumour Heterogeneity of Nodal B-Cell Lymphomas at the Transcriptional, Genetic and Drug-Response Levels

Researchers identified transcriptionally distinct malignant subpopulations and compared their drug-response and genomic profiles. Malignant subpopulations from the same patient responded strikingly differently to anti-cancer drugs ex vivo, which recapitulated subpopulation-specific drug sensitivity during in vivo treatment.
[Nature Cell Biology]

Abstract

Inosine Is an Alternative Carbon Source for CD8⁺-T-Cell Function under Glucose Restriction

Scientists showed that effector T cells could utilize inosine, as an alternative substrate, to support cell growth and function in the absence of glucose in vitro. T cells metabolized inosine into hypoxanthine and phosphorylated ribose by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
[Nature Metabolism]

Full Article

A Variant in IL6ST with a Selective IL-11 Signaling Defect in Human and Mouse

Researchers characterized the impact of a variant on cytokine signaling in vitro using transfected cell lines as well as primary patient-derived cells and supported these findings using a mouse model with the corresponding genome-edited variant Il6st p.R279Q.
[Bone Research]

Full Article

Intragenic Recruitment of NF-κB Drives Splicing Modifications upon Activation by the Oncogene Tax of HTLV-1

Investigators demonstrated that recruitment of the NF-κB factor RELA to intragenic regions regulated alternative splicing upon NF-κB activation by the viral oncogene tax of HTLV-1.
[Nature Communications]

Abstract

Neutrophils Preferentially Phagocytose Elongated Particles—An Opportunity for Selective Targeting in Acute Inflammatory Diseases

Scientists investigated the phagocytosis of rod-shaped polymeric particles by human neutrophils relative to other leukocytes. In contrast to macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes, neutrophils were found to exhibit increased internalization of rods in ex vivo and in vivo experimentation.
[Science Advances]

Full Article

Phase I Trial of Expanded, Activated Autologous NK Cell Infusions with Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Cancers

The authors infused expanded, activated autologous natural killer cells to potentiate trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in patients with HER2-positive malignancies.
[Gene Therapy]

Abstract

CD56 Regulates Human NK Cell Cytotoxicity through Pyk2

Investigators demonstrated that deletion of CD56 on the NK92 cell line led to impaired cytotoxic function. CD56-knockout cells failed to polarize during immunological synapse formation and have severely impaired exocytosis of lytic granules.
[eLife]

Abstract

Ligand-Induced Degradation of a CAR Permits Reversible Remote Control of CAR T Cell Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

The authors created a chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) that was capable of on-demand downregulation by fusing the CAR to a previously developed ligand-induced degradation domain. Addition of a small molecule ligand triggered exposure of a cryptic degron within the ligand-induced degradation domain (LID), resulting in proteasomal degradation of the CAR-LID fusion protein and loss of CAR on the surface of T cells.
[Molecular Therapy]

Abstract Graphical Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Glucocorticoid Resistance in Virus-Specific T Cells for Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Post Transplantation

In order to deliver protection against viral pathogens and allow at the same time necessary steroid therapy, scientists generated glucocorticoid-resistant T cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the glucocorticoid receptor in primary human virus-specific T-cell products.
[Molecular Therapy]

Abstract Graphical Abstract

Targeting Nuclear LSD1 to Reprogram Cancer Cells and Reinvigorate Exhausted T Cells via a Novel LSD1-EOMES Switch

Researchers showed that circulating tumor cells isolated from immunotherapy-resistant metastatic melanoma patients expressed higher levels of nuclear lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) phosphorylated at serine 111 compared to responders, which is associated with co-expression of stem-like, mesenchymal genes.
[Frontiers in Immunology]

Full Article

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Hormetic Relationship to Outcome

MYC⁺ cells accounted for 21% and 18% of CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ cells, respectively. Numbers of MYC⁻ macrophages were significantly higher in EBV⁺ cases while no differences were observed for MYC⁺ macrophages between EBV⁺ and EBV⁻ cases.
[Scientific Reports]

Full Article

REVIEWS

The Physiology, Pathology, and Potential Therapeutic Applications of the TREM2 Signaling Pathway

Investigators summarize and question what is known and remains to be discovered about the TREM2 signaling pathway, track the consequences of its activation in physiological niches and pathological contexts, and highlight the promising potential of therapeutic manipulation of TREM2 signaling.
[Cell]

Full Article

Old Dogs, New Trick: Classic Cancer Therapies Activate cGAS

The authors review the antitumor roles of the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS-STING) pathway during tumorigenesis, cancer immune surveillance, and cancer therapies. They also highlight classic cancer therapies that elicit antitumor immune responses through cGAS activation.
[Cell Research]

Full Article

Exosomes: A Potential Therapeutic Tool Targeting Communications between Tumor Cells and Macrophages

Scientists summarize the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages and the potential methods by which exosomes are used to target the communication between tumor cells and macrophages to treat cancer.
[Molecular Therapy]

Abstract Graphical Abstract

INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

Huge Open-Access Journal Deal Inked by University of California and Springer Nature

The University of California (UC) system announced it has signed the biggest open-access deal in North America with one of the largest commercial scientific publishers. The agreement with Springer Nature includes a commitment by the publisher to explore making all articles that UC corresponding authors publish in the Nature family of journals immediately free to read on publication starting in 2022.
[ScienceInsider]

Editorial

City of Hope Signs Licensing Agreement with Scopus BioPharma Inc. to Develop Novel, Targeted Immuno-Oncology Gene Therapy

City of Hope signed an exclusive, worldwide licensing agreement with Scopus BioPharma Inc. Scopus will further develop and plans to commercialize a City of Hope first-in-class, targeted immuno-oncology gene therapy.
[City of Hope]

Press Release

FEATURED EVENT

DNA of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promotes Cancer Metastasis via CCDC25

Metabolic Reprograming via Deletion of CISH in Human iPSC-Derived NK Cells Promotes In Vivo Persistence and Enhances Anti-Tumor Activity

Dissecting Intratumour Heterogeneity of Nodal B-Cell Lymphomas at the Transcriptional, Genetic and Drug-Response Levels

Inosine Is an Alternative Carbon Source for CD8⁺-T-Cell Function under Glucose Restriction

A Variant in IL6ST with a Selective IL-11 Signaling Defect in Human and Mouse

Intragenic Recruitment of NF-κB Drives Splicing Modifications upon Activation by the Oncogene Tax of HTLV-1

Neutrophils Preferentially Phagocytose Elongated Particles—An Opportunity for Selective Targeting in Acute Inflammatory Diseases

Phase I Trial of Expanded, Activated Autologous NK Cell Infusions with Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2-Positive Cancers

CD56 Regulates Human NK Cell Cytotoxicity through Pyk2

Ligand-Induced Degradation of a CAR Permits Reversible Remote Control of CAR T Cell Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Glucocorticoid Resistance in Virus-Specific T Cells for Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Post Transplantation

Targeting Nuclear LSD1 to Reprogram Cancer Cells and Reinvigorate Exhausted T Cells via a Novel LSD1-EOMES Switch

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Hormetic Relationship to Outcome

The Physiology, Pathology, and Potential Therapeutic Applications of the TREM2 Signaling Pathway

Old Dogs, New Trick: Classic Cancer Therapies Activate cGAS

Exosomes: A Potential Therapeutic Tool Targeting Communications between Tumor Cells and Macrophages

Huge Open-Access Journal Deal Inked by University of California and Springer Nature

City of Hope Signs Licensing Agreement with Scopus BioPharma Inc. to Develop Novel, Targeted Immuno-Oncology Gene Therapy

Glia in Health & Disease

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Research Associate – Immunology Assays

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immune Regulation in Gastrointestinal Cancers

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