Human Immunology News Volume 8.29 | July 28 2020

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    HIN 8.29 | July 28


    Human Immunology News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 8.29 – 28 July, 2020
    TOP STORY

    Signaling Input from Divergent Pathways Subverts B Cell Transformation

    The authors analyzed 1,148 patient-derived B-cell leukemia samples, and found that individual mutations did not promote leukemogenesis unless they converged on one single oncogenic pathway that was characteristic of the differentiation stage of transformed B cells.
    [Nature]

    Abstract
    Virtual Conference Exhibition: Immunology
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    Microglia Require CD4 T Cells to Complete the Fetal-to-Adult Transition

    Researchers used a combination of imaging, single cell, and surgical approaches to identify a CD69+ CD4 T cell population in both the mouse and human brain, distinct from circulating CD4 T cells.
    [Cell]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Distinct and Temporary-Restricted Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulate Human αβ and γδ T Cell Development

    Scientists employed RNA-sequencing, ATAC–sequencing and ChIPmentation on well-defined thymocyte subsets that represented the continuum of human T cell development.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    Classification of T-Cell Activation via Autofluorescence Lifetime Imaging

    Scientists employed RNA-sequencing, ATAC–sequencing and ChIPmentation on well-defined thymocyte subsets that represented the continuum of human T cell development.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    B Cell Zone Reticular Cell Microenvironments Shape CXCL13 Gradient Formation

    Investigators suggest that reticular cells of the B cell zone generated microenvironments that shaped both immobilized and soluble CXCL13 gradients.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Disruption of the Tumor-Associated EMP3 Enhances Erythroid Proliferation and Causes the MAM-Negative Phenotype

    Disruption of EMP3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in an immortalised human erythroid cell line abolished MAM expression.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    CD4 T Cell-Intrinsic Role for the T Helper 17 Signature Cytokine IL-17: Effector Resistance to Immune Suppression

    The authors demonstrated that human CD4+ T cells exposed to a Th17-differentiating milieu were significantly more resistant to immune suppression by CD8+ T cells compared to control Th0 cells.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

    P2X7 Receptor Activity Limits Accumulation of T Cells within Tumors

    Investigators showed that P2X7 activity in tumor-infiltrating T cells induced cellular senescence and limited tumor suppression. P2X7 stimulation affected cell cycling of effector T cells and resulted in generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and p38 MAPK-dependent upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A.
    [Cancer Research]

    Abstract

    A Distinct Transcriptional Program in Human CAR T Cells Bearing the 4–1BB Signaling Domain Revealed by scRNA-Seq

    Researchers performed transcriptional profiling of bulk chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cell populations and single cells to characterize the transcriptional states of human T cells transduced with CD3ζ, 4-1BB-CD3ζ, or CD28-CD3ζ co-stimulatory domains at rest and after activation by triggering their CAR or their endogenous T cell receptor.
    [Molecular Therapy]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    CTLA4Ig-Primed Donor Lymphocyte Infusions Following Haploidentical Transplantation Improve Outcome with a Distinct Pattern of Early Immune Reconstitution as Compared to Conventional Donor Lymphocyte Infusions in Advanced Hematological Malignancies

    The authors explored the efficacy of prophylactic DLI following CTLA4Ig, compared to conventional DLI, in patients with advanced hematological malignancies receiving PTCy-based haploidentical transplantation.
    [Bone Marrow Transplantation]

    Abstract

    The Role and Function of IκKα/β in Monocyte Impairment

    Investigators adopted an in vitro model of endotoxin tolerance utilising primary human CD14+ monocytes to focus on the effect of impairment on IκKα/β, a critical part of the NFκB pathway.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    Pro-Inflammatory Properties of H-Ferritin on Human Macrophages, Ex Vivo and In Vitro Observations

    Scientists tested ferratin heavy (FeH) and light (FeL) in bone marrow and sera in patients with macrophage activation syndrome, the pro-inflammatory effects of ferritin, FeL, and FeH on macrophages; and the ability of FeH-stimulated macrophages to stimulate the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    sTim-3 Alleviates Liver Injury via Regulation of the Immunity Microenvironment and Autophagy

    Researchers investigated the role of soluble T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (sTim-3) in inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators.
    [Cell Death Discovery]

    Full Article

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    REVIEWS

    Metabolic Signaling in T Cells

    The functional programs of immune cells differ in their differentiation signals, transcriptional regulators, and effector molecules. However, a more recent body of literature has described a now well appreciated role for cellular metabolism in regulating immune cell plasticity.
    [Cell Research]

    Full Article

    3D Bioprinting for Reconstituting the Cancer Microenvironment

    Scientists discuss the applications of 3D bioprinting in mimicking cancer microenvironment, their use in immunotherapy as prescreening tools, and overview of current bioprinted cancer models.
    [npj precision oncology]

    Full Article

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    US FDA Approves Kite’s Tecartus™, the First and Only CAR T Treatment for Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma

    Kite announced that the FDA has granted accelerated approval to Tecartusâ„¢, the first and only approved chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma.
    [Gilead Sciences, Inc.]

    Press Release

    French Science Bill Promises Boost to Public R&D

    The French government this week unveiled a draft science bill that promises to increase public research spending with an extra €25 billion over the next ten years.
    [ScienceInsider]

    Press Release

    Foreign Researchers Accused of Hiding Links to Chinese Military

    Four Chinese nationals have been charged with visa fraud after revelations that they sent information on the layout of US labs and research carried out by colleagues back to China.
    [The Scientist]

    Press Release

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