Human Immunology News Volume 8.33 | August 24 2020

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    HIN 8.33 | August 24


    Human Immunology News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 8.33 – 25 August, 2020
    TOP STORY

    Immune-Evasive Human Islet-Like Organoids Ameliorate Diabetes

    Researchers generated human islet-like organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells and showed that non-canonical WNT4 signaling drove the metabolic maturation necessary for robust ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
    [Nature]

    AbstractPress Release

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    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    IL4I1
    Is a Metabolic Immune Checkpoint that Activates the AHR and Promotes Tumor Progression

    A pan-tissue aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signature, derived by natural language processing, revealed that across 32 tumor entities, interleukin-4-induced-1 ( IL4I1) associated more frequently with AHR activity than IDO1 or TDO2, hitherto recognized as the main Trp-catabolic enzymes.
    [Cell]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Therapy-Induced
    Evolution of Human Lung Cancer Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

    Active T-lymphocytes and decreased macrophages were present at residual disease and immunosuppressive cell states characterized progressive disease. Biological features revealed by scRNA-seq were biomarkers of clinical outcomes in independent cohorts.
    [Cell]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Coexpression
    of CD71 and CD117 Identifies an Early Unipotent Neutrophil Progenitor Population in Human Bone Marrow

    Investigators used mass cytometry to show that two recently defined human neutrophil progenitor populations contained a homogeneous progenitor subset they termed “early neutrophil progenitors”.
    [Immunity]

    AbstractPress Release
    Graphical Abstract

    Acetylation-Dependent
    Regulation of PD-L1 Nuclear Translocation Dictates the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

    Scientists report that PD-L1 translocated from the plasma membrane into the nucleus through interactions with components of the endocytosis and nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways, regulated by p300-mediated acetylation and HDAC2-dependent deacetylation of PD-L1.
    [Nature Cell Biology]

    Abstract

    Functional
    Effects of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Co-Receptor Signaling Domains in Human Regulatory T Cells

    Using a human leukocyte antigen–A2–specific CAR platform and human Tregs, the authors compared ten CARs with different co-receptor signaling domains and systematically tested their function and CAR-stimulated gene expression profile.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Abstract

    Manganese
    Is Critical for Antitumor Immune Responses via cGAS-STING and Improves the Efficacy of Clinical Immunotherapy

    Scientists report that maganese was essential in innate immune sensing of tumors and enhanced adaptive immune responses against tumors.
    [Cell Research]

    Full Article

    Boosting NAD Level Suppresses Inflammatory Activation of PBMC in Heart Failure

    The authors compared the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) mitochondrial respiration of 19 hospitalized Stage D heart failure patients with 19 healthy participants. They then created an in vitro model of sterile inflammation by treating healthy PBMC with MitoDAMP isolated from human heart tissue.
    [Journal of Clinical Investigation]

    AbstractFull Article

    Engineering
    AvidCARs for Combinatorial Antigen Recognition and Reversible Control of CAR Function

    Researchers present an avidity-controlled chimeric antigen receptors (AvidCAR) platform with inducible and logic control functions.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Integrated
    Genomic Analysis Reveals Mutated ELF3 as a Potential Gallbladder Cancer Vaccine Candidate

    Investigators analyzed exomes, transcriptomes, and low pass whole genomes from 167 gallbladder cancers from patients in Korea, India and Chile.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Calcium-Sensing
    Receptor-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Response to Calciprotein Particles Drives Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Scientists showed that monocytes engulfed colloidal calciprotein particles via macropinocytosis, and this process was strictly dependent on calcium-sensing receptor signaling triggered by increases in [Ca2+]ex.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Heterogeneous
    Origins and Functions of Mouse Skeletal Muscle-Resident Macrophages

    Researchers characterized the ontogeny of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages by lineage tracing and bone marrow transplant experiments.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

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    REVIEWS

    Neuronal Regulation of Immunity: Why, How and Where?

    The authors evaluate the potential benefits to the immune system that arise by taking advantage of some of the brain’s unique features, such as its capacity to integrate and synchronize physiological functions, its predictive capacity and its speed of response.
    [Nature Reviews Immunology]

    Abstract

    Identifying
    and Targeting Human Tumor Antigens for T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors

    Scientists discuss molecular identification of different tumor antigen types, and the clinical safety and efficacy of targeting them with immunotherapy.
    [Cancer Cell]

    Abstract

    Immunotherapy
    for Advanced Thyroid Cancers – Rationale, Current Advances and Future Strategies

    Investigators discuss the current knowledge of the immune response in thyroid cancers, the latest and ongoing immune-based approaches, and the future of immunotherapies in thyroid cancer.
    [Nature Reviews Endocrinology]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Expression Therapeutics Announces Success in Developing a Stem Cell Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

    Primary HLH is a family of devastating primary immune deficiencies with limited treatment options and no gene therapies under clinical testing. Expression Therapeutics has developed a promising and potentially curative gene therapy candidate for familial HLH type 3.
    [Expression Therapeutics (PR Newswire Association LLC.)]

    Press Release

    Indee
    Labs Awarded Grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

    Indee Labs is a biotechnology company developing the µVS Delivery SystemTM for non-viral intracellular or gene delivery. The team at Indee Labs was awarded a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, to develop the µVS Delivery SystemTM for modified regulatory T cells.
    [Indee Labs (BusinessWire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

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    The Francis Crick Institute – London, United Kingdom

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