Human Immunology News Volume 9.18 | May 11 2021

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    2021-05-18 | HIN 9.18


    Human Immunology News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 9.18 – 11 May, 2021
    TOP STORY

    A Single-Cell Map of Intratumoral Changes during Anti-PD1 Treatment of Patients with Breast Cancer

    To understand why only a subset of tumors respond to immune-checkpoint blockade, patients with hormone receptor-positive or triple-negative breast cancer were treated with anti-PD1 before surgery.
    [Nature Medicine]

    Abstract
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    A Positive Feedback Loop Reinforces the Allergic Immune Response in Human Peanut Allergy

    Investigators showed that in peanut-allergic humans, peanut allergen drove the differentiation of CD209+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD23+ myeloid dendritic cells through the action of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells.
    [Journal of Experimental Medicine]

    Full Article

    CD1a Selectively Captures Endogenous Cellular Lipids That Broadly Block T Cell Response

    Crystal structures showed that the short cellular sphingomyelins stabilized a triad of surface residues to remain flush with CD1a, but the longer lipids forced the phosphocholine group to ride above the display platform to hinder TCR approach.
    [Journal of Experimental Medicine]

    Abstract

    DNMT3A Haploinsufficiency Causes Dichotomous DNA Methylation Defects at Enhancers in Mature Human Immune Cells

    The authors demonstrated that DNMT3A haploinsufficiency impaired the gain of DNA methylation at decommissioned enhancers, while simultaneously and unexpectedly impairing DNA demethylation of newly activated enhancers in mature human myeloid cells.
    [Journal of Experimental Medicine]

    Abstract

    Composite CD79A/CD40 Costimulatory Endodomain Enhances CD19CAR-T Cell Proliferation and Survival

    Researchers developed a composite costimulatory domain of a B cell signaling moiety, CD79A/CD40, to induce a nuclear translocating signal, NF-κB, to synergize with other T cell signals and improve CAR-T cell function.
    [Molecular Therapy]

    Abstract

    Tumor-Associated Neutrophils Drive B-Cell Recruitment and Their Differentiation to Plasma Cells

    Scientists showed that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) actively participated in the recruitment of B cells to the tumor microenvironment and identified TNFα as the major cytokine mediating B cell chemotaxis by TANs.
    [Cancer Immunology Research]

    Abstract

    Germline Features Associated with Immune Infiltration in Solid Tumors

    The authors analyzed seven million autosomal germline variants in the TCGA cohort and tested for association with established immune-related phenotypes that describe the tumor immune microenvironment.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full Article

    Distinct Immune Signatures in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Richter Syndrome

    Investigators analyzed expression of immune checkpoint molecules and infiltration of immune cells in nodal samples, and peripheral blood T cell diversity in 33 chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 37 Richter syndrome patients.
    [Blood Cancer Journal]

    Full Article

    Bidirectional Crosstalk between Eosinophils and Esophageal Epithelial Cells Regulates Inflammatory and Remodeling Processes

    Researchers investigated the crosstalk between human eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells. They reported that blood-derived eosinophils had prolonged survival when co-cultured with epithelial cells.
    [Mucosal Immunology]

    Abstract

    The Human Memory T Cell Compartment Changes across Tissues of the Female Reproductive Tract

    Scientists examined CD4 T cells in donor-matched vaginal, ecto- and endocervical tissues, which differed in mucosal structure and exposure to external environmental stimuli.
    [Mucosal Immunology]

    Full Article
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    REVIEWS

    NLRP6 in Host Defense and Intestinal Inflammation

    The authors summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of activation of the NLRP6 inflammasome and discuss its relevance to human disease.
    [Cell Reports]

    Abstract

    Homeostasis and Durability of T-Cell Memory-The Resting and the Restless T-Cell Memory

    In some tissues, like murine spleen, subpopulations of memory T cells proliferating in the absence of antigen (homeostatic proliferation) have been described.
    [Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology]

    Abstract
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    NANOBIOTIX Partners with LianBio to Develop and Commercialize Potential First-in-Class Radioenhancer NBTXR3 Across Tumor Types and Therapeutic Combinations in China and Other Asian Markets

    NANOBIOTIX announced a partnership with LianBio to develop and commercialize Nanobiotix lead product candidate NBTXR3, a potential first-in-class radioenhancer, in Greater China, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand.
    [NANOBIOTIX (BusinessWire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

    New Grant-Funded Research Could Help Improve Therapies for Sepsis

    A University of Kentucky College of Medicine professor has been awarded a $1.9 million National Institutes of Health grant for his research on the body’s immune response to sepsis, which could potentially help to improve therapies for the common disease.
    [University of Kentucky (EurekAlert!)]

    Press Release
    FEATURED EVENT

    Annual Canadian Society for Immunology Conference 2021

    May 31 – June 2, 2021
    Virtual

    > See All Events

    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Research Fellow – Vaccine Adjuvants for Cancer and Viruses

    Trinity College Dublin – Dublin, Republic of Ireland

    Research Technician – Molecular Immunology

    Universit̩ Libre de Bruxelles РBrussels, Belgium

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy

    Columbia University Medical Center – New York City, New York, United States

    Postdoctoral Fellow Positions – Neuroscience/Neuroimmunology

    Stanford University – Palo Alto, California, United States

    Postdoctoral Researcher Fellowships – Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine

    Zhejiang University – Zhejiang, China

    > See All Jobs

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