Immune Regulation News 10.00 January 5, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYInflammation Drives Progression of Alzheimer’s According to scientists, inflammatory mechanisms caused by the brain’s immune system drives the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. These findings, which rely on a series of laboratory experiments, provide new insights into pathogenetic mechanisms that are believed to hold potential for tackling Alzheimer’s before symptoms manifest. [Press release from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) discussing online prepublication in Nature] Press Release | Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)The Xenobiotic Transporter Mdr1 Enforces T Cell Homeostasis in the Presence of Intestinal Bile Acids Investigators showed that CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells upregulated the xenobiotic transporter, Mdr1, in the ileum to maintain homeostasis in the presence of bile acids. Whereas wild-type Teff cells upregulated Mdr1 in the ileum, those lacking Mdr1 displayed mucosal dysfunction and induced Crohn’s disease-like ileitis following transfer into Rag1−/− hosts. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract Researchers demonstrated that monocytes differentiated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) or granulocyte macrophage CSF resembled in vivo inflammatory macrophages, while monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) resembled in vivo inflammatory DCs. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release Circulating Exosomes Suppress the Induction of Regulatory T Cells via let–7i in Multiple Sclerosis Foxp3+ Treg cells are reduced in frequency and dysfunctional in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms of this deficiency are unclear. The authors showed that induction of human IFN-γ−IL-17A−Foxp3+CD4+ T cells is inhibited in the presence of circulating exosomes from patients with MS. [Nat Commun] Full Article Profiling the Lymphoid-Resident T Cell Pool Reveals Modulation by Age and Microbiota Investigators showed that a substantial proportion of CD4 Treg and memory cells establish long-term residence in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of specific pathogen-free mice. Of these SLOs, only T cell residence within Peyer’s patches was affected by microbiota. [Nat Commun] Full Article The authors identified that transient plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion during primary Pneumovirus infection alone predisposed to severe bronchiolitis in early life and subsequent asthma in later life after reinfection. [J Exp Med] Full Article Researchers demonstrated that steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) functions as a critical coactivator for retineic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (RORγt) in vivo to promote the functional dominance of RORγt over Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) and thus establishing an unopposed Th17 differentiation program. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Zebrafish Regulatory T Cells Mediate Organ-Specific Regenerative Programs Using established models of spinal cord, heart, and retina regeneration, scientists discovered that zebrafish Treg-like (zTreg) cells rapidly homed to damaged organs. Conditional ablation of zTreg cells blocked organ regeneration by impairing precursor cell proliferation. [Dev Cell] Abstract Effector and Regulatory T Cells Roll at High Shear Stress by Inducible Tether and Sling Formation Investigators demonstrated that the ability to form tethers and slings during rolling is highly inducible in T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and Treg cells but less in Th2 cells. In vivo, endogenous Treg cells rolled stably in cremaster venules at physiological shear stress. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract Scientists describe the evolution and composition of the gastric, small intestinal, and colonic lamina propria mononuclear phagocyte system during the steady state and infection with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. They showed that monocytes, CX3CR1hi macrophages, and CD11b+ dendritic cells are recruited to the infected stomach in a CCR2-dependent manner. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Researchers investigated the mechanisms whereby a modest reduction in IL-2R signaling selectively in T lymphocytes influenced the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse model. The sensitivity of IL-2R signaling was reduced by about two- to threefold in Tregs from mice that coexpressed wild-type IL-2Rβ and a mutant subunit with reduced signaling. [Sci Signal] Abstract The authors investigated whether targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFR2) could effectively suppress the activity of Treg cells and consequently enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. [Sci Signal] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News. | |
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REVIEWSAutoimmunity and Primary Immunodeficiency: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Various primary immunodeficiency syndromes are presented, along with their pathogenetic mechanisms and relationship to autoimmune diseases, in an effort to increase awareness of immunodeficiencies that occur concurrently with autoimmune diseases and to highlight the need to initiate appropriate genetic tests. [Nat Rev Rheumatol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field. | |
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SCIENCE NEWSOSE Immunotherapeutics presented new data from a transcriptome analysis that further supports the potential of OSE-127 for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. [Press release from OSE Immunotherapeutics discussing research presented at 11th European Workshop on Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease, Paushuis-Utrecht] Press Release | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSDeciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that it has initiated a Phase III clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DCC-2618, a pan-KIT and PDGFRα inhibitor, in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. [Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release Novartis announced that the FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to Promacta® for use in combination with standard immunosuppressive therapy for the treatment of patients with SAA as a first-line therapy. [Novartis Global] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSIndonesian Scientists Embrace Preprint Server A preprint server that focuses exclusively on Indonesian research passed a milestone when the number of papers posted on it reached 1,500. [Nature News] Editorial Germany vs Elsevier: Universities Win Temporary Journal Access after Refusing to Pay Fees The Dutch publishing giant Elsevier has granted uninterrupted access to its paywalled journals for researchers at around 200 German universities and research institutes that had refused to renew their individual subscriptions at the end of 2017. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Keystone Symposia: The Resolution of Inflammation in Health and Disease NEW Aegean Conferences: 7th International Conference on Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) NEW Research Scientist – Cellular and Translational Immunology (University of Virginia) NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Mechanisms of Immune Regulation (Rhode Island Hospital) NEW Postdoctoral Scholar – Immunology (Pennsylvania State University) NEW Postdoctoral Positions – Innate Immunity (University of Connecticut) NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Inflammation and Immuno-Oncology (Yale School of Medicine) NEW Technical Research Assistant – Mucosal Immunology (Helmholtz Zentrum München) Scientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Research Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of Michigan) Postdoctoral Fellowship – Resident Memory T Cells (Harvard Medical School) Assistant, Associate, or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Research Fellow Position – Immunology Research (ShanghaiTech University) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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