Immune Regulation News Volume 10.37 | Sep 28 2018

TOP STORY

NIK Signaling Axis Regulates Dendritic Cell Function in Intestinal Immunity and Homeostasis

Scientists identified the noncanonical NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) as a crucial mediator of mucosal dendritic cell (DC) function. DC-specific NIK deletion impaired intestinal immunoglobulin A secretion and microbiota homeostasis, rendering mice sensitive to an intestinal pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

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PD-1 Up-Regulation on CD4⁺ T Cells Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis through STAT3-Mediated IL-17A and TGF-β1 Production

Immunohistochemistry revealed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) up-regulation on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lymphocytes. PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells with reduced proliferative capacity and increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/interleukin-17A (IL-17A) expression were detected in IPF, sarcoidosis, and bleomycin CD4⁺ T cells. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

Essential Role of IFN-γ in T Cell-Associated Intestinal Inflammation

Mechanisms of intestinal crypt injury were investigated by characterizing responses of mouse intestinal organoids in coculture with mouse T lymphocytes. [J Clin Invest] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

RARα Supports the Development of Langerhans Cells and Langerin-Expressing Conventional Dendritic Cells

Investigators showed that the development of Langerhans cells from embryonic and bone marrow-derived progenitors and langerin⁺ conventional dendritic cells is profoundly regulated by the RARα-RA axis. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Stromal Cell PD-L1 Inhibits CD8⁺ T-Cell Antitumor Immune Responses and Promotes Colon Cancer

Using a syngeneic, immunogenic model of colorectal cancer, scientists showed that TNFα-initiated inflammatory signaling in CT26 colorectal cancer cells selectively induced PD-L1 expression in stromal cells. [Cancer Immunol Res] Abstract

Silencing of High-Affinity Insulin-Reactive B Lymphocytes by Anergy and Impact of the NOD Genetic Background in Mice

Researchers compared the status of high-affinity insulin-binding B cells in disease-resistant VH125.C57BL/6-H2g7 and disease-prone VH125.NOD mice. [Diabetologia] Abstract

Inhaled IL-10 Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis via Abrogation of Inflammatory Macrophage-Th17 Cell Axis

Analysis of lung lymphocyte populations demonstrated that antitumor activity of IL-10 was associated with a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell prevalence and a concurrent suppression of inflammatory M1-like macrophage activity. [J Immunol] Abstract

Regulation of the Effector Function of CD8⁺ T Cells by Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Butyrate

The authors indicated that butyrate strongly inhibited histone-deacetylases (HDACs) in CD8⁺ T cells thereby affecting the gene expression of effector molecules. Accordingly, the pan-HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and sodium valproate exerted similar influence on CD8⁺ T cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Nod2 Deficiency in Mice Is Associated with Microbiota Variation Favoring the Expansion of Mucosal CD4⁺ LAP⁺ Regulatory Cells

Scientists investigated the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (Nod2) gut microbiota by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, at steady state and after TNBS-colitis induction in mice reared separately or in cohousing, correlating the microbial profiles with lamina propria regulatory T cells proportion and tissue cytokines content. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Induced the Enrichment of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells via TGF-β in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Murine LPS-Induced Tolerance Model

Researchers analyzed the possible change on CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Tregs population in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) in murine LPS-induced endotoxin tolerance model. They showed that the proportion and absolute number of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Tregs, expressing altered levels of CTLA4 and GITR, significantly increased in MLNs of murine LPS-induced tolerance model. [Clin Immunol] Abstract

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Recent Advances on the Crosstalk between Neutrophils and B or T Lymphocytes

The authors summarize the most recent data from human studies and murine models on the ability of neutrophils to modulate adaptive immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions and the mechanisms behind these processes. [Immunology] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Immutep Enters into Clinical Trial Collaboration and Supply Agreement with Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and Pfizer

Immutep Limited announced that it has entered into a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and Pfizer Inc., to evaluate the combination of Immutep’s lead immunotherapy product candidate eftilagimod alpha with avelumab, a human anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with advanced solid malignancies. [Immutep Limited] Download Press Release

I-Mab Biopharma Expands Strategic Collaboration with WuXi Biologics and Licenses WuXiBody™ Platform for Three Bispecific Antibody Programs

WuXi Biologics and I-Mab Biopharma jointly announced that I-Mab has expanded strategic collaboration with WuXi Biologics and licensed proprietary WuXiBody™ Platform to develop three bispecific antibodies. [I-Mab Biopharma] Press Release

AnaptysBio Reports Positive Topline Data from Phase IIa Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial of Etokimab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

AnaptysBio, Inc. announced positive topline proof-of-concept data for etokimab, its investigational anti-IL-33 therapeutic antibody, in an ongoing single dose Phase IIa clinical trial in adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. [AnaptysBio, Inc.] Press Release

ImmusanT Announces First Patient Dosed in Phase II Trial of Therapeutic Vaccine for Celiac Disease

ImmusanT, Inc. announced that the first patient has been dosed in its Phase II RESET CeD trial for the treatment of celiac disease. [ImmusanT, Inc.] Press Release

UCI Researchers Awarded $3.4M NIH “Cancer Moonshot” Grant to Study Potential Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy

UCI School of Medicine researchers have been awarded a $3.4 million grant by the National Cancer Institute as part of the Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot initiative. The funding will support efforts to provide proof of principal data for an entirely new class of cancer killing immunotherapeutics with the potential to treat highly diverse types of cancer, from leukemia to breast cancer. [UCI School of Medicine] Press Release

What the Nobels Are — and Aren’t — Doing to Encourage Diversity

If a woman wins the Nobel Prize in Physics next week, she will be the first to do so in more than 50 years. Over the same period, just one woman has won in chemistry. [Nature News] Editorial

Finland Joins Europe’s Bold Open-Access Push

Finland’s national research funder has signed up to Plan S — a push by a group of European organizations to make a radical change to the way that research results are published. The Academy of Finland is the first organization to sign up since Plan S was launched by 11 funders earlier this month. [Nature News] Editorial

Argentina’s Economic Crisis Could Trigger Scientific ‘Collapse,’ Researchers Warn

Argentine scientists are deeply worried about the effects of the country’s economic crisis on science. The government has proposed cutting research budgets in 2019 as part of an austerity push and it is behind in its financial commitments to institutes for this year, which means many labs lack the funds to pay for day-to-day operations. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

France Seeks Slim Rise to Research Budget Amid Spending Cuts

The French government has called for a modest increase to its higher education and research budget for 2019 as it strives to rein in public spending amid a sluggish economic growth forecast. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 2^nd Human & Translational Immunology Conference
May 29-June 3, 2019
Kos Island, Greece

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Open Rank Professor – Biopharmaceutical Discovery (University of Delaware)

NEW Assistant Professor – Biology (University of Delaware)

NEW Research Assistant II – Immunology (Baylor College of Medicine)

NEW Head of Laboratory – Immunology of Regulatory T Cells (Novartis Pharma AG)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Technical University of Munich)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Foxp3+ T-Regulatory in Autoimmunity and Transplantation (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

Postdoctoral Position – B-Cell Memory (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Scientist – Cancer Research (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Department Chair – Inflammation & Immunity (Cleveland Clinic – Lerner Research Institute)

Research Associate – Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Infection (Imperial College London)

Faculty Position – Aging and the Immune System (Mayo Clinic)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Immunology, Inflammation and Aging (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunotherapy (California Institute for Biomedical Research)

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