Immune Regulation News Volume 10.38 | Oct 5 2018

TOP STORY

B Cells Are the Dominant Antigen-Presenting Cells that Activate Naive CD4⁺ T Cells upon Immunization with a Virus-Derived Nanoparticle Antigen

Using RNA phage Qβ-derived virus-like particles as a model antigen, scientists found that antigen-specific B cells were the dominant antigen-presenting cells that initiated naive CD4⁺ T cell activation. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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Secreted IgD Amplifies Humoral T Helper 2 Cell Responses by Binding Basophils via Galectin-9 and CD44

Investigators found that some B cells generated IgD-secreting plasma cells following early exposure to external soluble antigens such as food proteins. Secreted IgD targeted basophils by interacting with the CD44-binding protein galectin-9. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Innate and Adaptive Signals Enhance Differentiation and Expansion of Dual-Antibody Autoreactive B Cells in Lupus

Researchers showed, using RNAseq and in vitro and in vivo analyses, signals that are required for promoting B2R cell numbers and effector function in autoimmune mice. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Blimp-1 Functions as a Molecular Switch to Prevent Inflammatory Activity in Foxp3⁺RORγt⁺ Regulatory T Cells

The authors showed that the transcription factor Blimp-1 is a crucial regulator of the Foxp3⁺RORγt⁺ regulatory T cell subset. The intrinsic expression of Blimp-1 in these cells is required to prevent production of Th17-associated cytokines. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

CD8⁺ T Cell Activation Leads to Constitutive Formation of Liver Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells that Seed a Large and Flexible Niche in the Liver

Although liver tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells were found in naive mice, their presence was dictated by antigen specificity and required IL-15. Liver Trm cells also formed after adoptive transfer of in vitro-activated but not naive CD8⁺ T cells, indicating that activation was essential but that antigen presentation within the liver was not obligatory. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

CLA-Supplemented Diet Accelerates Experimental Colorectal Cancer by Inducing TGF-β-Producing Macrophages and T Cells

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation significantly worsened colorectal tumor formation induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate by inducing macrophage and T-cell-producing TGF-β via PPAR-γ activation. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

IL-33 Drives the Antitumor Effects of Dendritic Cells via the Induction of Tc9 Cells

Researchers demonstrated that the addition of interleukin (IL)-33 potently promotes the induction of Tc9 cells by dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

High-Affinity IgM⁺ Memory B Cells Are Defective in Differentiation into IgM Antibody-Secreting Cells by Re-Stimulation with a T Cell-Dependent Antigen

An analysis of antibody-secreting cells revealed that a large amount of anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl IgM antibodies with few somatic hypermutations is secreted during the recall response, indicating that only non-germinal center memory B cells have terminal differentiation potential. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Partial Depletion of CD206-Positive M2-Like Macrophages Induces Proliferation of Beige Progenitors and Enhances Browning after Cold Stimulation

The partial depletion of CD206⁺ M2-like enhanced UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT), as shown by immunostaining, and also upregulated the expression of Ucp1 and other browning-related marker genes in ingWAT after cold exposure. [Sci Rep] Full Article

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Increases the Methionine Cycle, CD4⁺ T Cell DNA Methylation and Helios⁺Foxp3⁺ T Regulatory Cells to Reverse Autoimmune Neurodegenerative Disease

Researchers investigated how one calcitriol dose plus vitamin D3 reverses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a multiple sclerosis model. This protocol rapidly increased CD4⁺ T cell Ikzf2 transcripts, Helios protein, and CD4⁺Helios⁺FoxP3⁺ T regulatory cells. [J Neuroimmunol] Abstract

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T Helper Cell Differentiation, Heterogeneity, and Plasticity

Naïve CD4 T cells, on activation, differentiate into distinct T helper (Th) subsets that produce lineage-specific cytokines. By producing unique sets of cytokines, effector Th subsets play critical roles in orchestrating immune responses to a variety of infections and are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases including autoimmunity, allergy, and asthma. [Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Nobel Prize for Medicine Goes to Cancer Immune Therapy Pioneers

Immunologists James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo have won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their pioneering work in the relatively new field of cancer immunotherapy. [Scientific American] Press Release

Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions Signs Three-Year Agreement with GSK to Provide Clinical Manufacturing for T Cell Therapy

Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, LLC announced that they have signed a three-year clinical manufacturing agreement with GSK. Under the agreement, HCATS will manufacture GSK’s SPEAR T-cell receptor therapy targeting NY-ESO-1 for the US, Canadian and European trials. [Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, LLC (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Kite and HiFiBiO Therapeutics Announce a Research Collaboration to Develop Technology for the Potential Discovery of Neoantigen-Reactive T Cell Receptors (TCRS) for the Treatment of Cancer

Kite and HiFiBiO Therapeutics announced the companies have entered into a research collaboration and license agreement to develop technology supporting the discovery of neoantigen-reactive for the potential treatment of various cancers, including solid tumors. [HiFiBiO Therapeutics] Press Release

UCI Researchers Awarded $3.4M NIH “Cancer Moonshot” Grant to Study Potential Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy

UCI School of Medicine researchers have been awarded a $3.4 million grant by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as part of the Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot initiative. [University of California, Irvine] Press Release

Major Publishers Sue ResearchGate over Copyright Infringement

Two journal publishers have launched legal proceedings in the United States against academic-networking site ResearchGate for copyright infringement. [Nature News] Editorial

Mr Smits Goes to Washington: Architect of Bold European Open-Access Plan Hopes to Garner US Support

A month after European funders launched the ‘Plan S’ initiative to demand immediate open access to scientific literature in the next two years, the plan’s creators have revealed more details about their bold scheme — and are hurriedly trying to get support from US policymakers. [Nature News] Editorial

Brazil’s Presidential Election Could Savage Its Science

A populist surge from a right-wing presidential candidate in Brazil that is threatening to upend the country’s politics could have huge impacts on research budgets and environmental policies. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 9^th European Multidisciplinary Colorectal Cancer Congress
March 9-11, 2019
Lisbon, Portugal

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Institute Group Leader – Lymphocyte Biology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

NEW PhD and Postdoctoral Research Positions – Innate Immunity (Universitatsklinikum Tubingen)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Open Rank Professor – Biopharmaceutical Discovery (University of Delaware)

Assistant Professor – Biology (University of Delaware)

Research Assistant II – Immunology (Baylor College of Medicine)

Head of Laboratory – Immunology of Regulatory T Cells (Novartis Pharma AG)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Technical University of Munich)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Foxp3+ T-Regulatory in Autoimmunity and Transplantation (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

Postdoctoral Position – B-Cell Memory (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Scientist – Cancer Research (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Department Chair – Inflammation & Immunity (Cleveland Clinic – Lerner Research Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunotherapy (California Institute for Biomedical Research)

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