Immune Regulation News Volume 10.39 | Oct 12 2018

TOP STORY

Basophils – Underestimated Players in Lung Development

The adult lung consists of different, highly specialized cell types that are protected by a variety of immune cells. Using advanced single cell sequencing methods, researchers discovered a hitherto unknown, fundamental role of basophils in the development of macrophages in the lung. [Press release from the Austrian Academy of Sciences discussing online prepublication in Cell] Press Release | Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Enhanced Anti-Lymphoma Activity of CAR19-iNKT Cells Underpinned by Dual CD19 and CD1d Targeting

The authors tested whether CAR19-engineering of the CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells would result in enhanced anti-lymphoma activity. CAR19-iNKT cells co-operatively activated by CD1d- and CAR19-CD19-dependent interactions are more effective than CAR19-T cells against CD1d-expressing lymphomas in vitro and in vivo. [Cancer Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

Distinct Effector B Cells Induced by Unregulated Toll-Like Receptor 7 Contribute to Pathogenic Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Researchers showed that double negative (DN) cell expansions reflected a subset of CXCR5 – CD11c + cells (DN2) representing pre-plasma cells. DN2 cells predominated in African-American patients with active disease and nephritis, anti-Smith and anti-RNA autoantibodies. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

Mast Cell-Derived Histamine Regulates Liver Ketogenesis via Oleoylethanolamide Signaling

The authors present evidence that mast cells contribute to the control of fasting-induced ketogenesis via a paracrine mechanism that involves secretion of histamine into the hepatic portal circulation, stimulation of liver H₁ receptors, and local biosynthesis of the high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist, oleoylethanolamide. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

Elimination of CD4^lowHLA-G⁺ T Cells Overcomes Castration-Resistance in Prostate Cancer Therapy

Investigators identified a novel population of CD4^lowHLA-G⁺ T cells that undergo significant expansion in prostate cancer (PCa) patients after androgen deprivation therapy. In mouse PCa models, a similar CD4^low T cell population expands during the early stages of castration-resistant prostate cancer onset. [Cell Res] Abstract

Bacterial Coinfection Restrains Antiviral CD8 T-Cell Response via LPS-Induced Inhibitory NK Cells

Scientists showed that in mice, systemic coinfection with E. coli suppressed the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response and virus elimination in a NK cell- and TLR2/4-dependent manner. [Nat Commun] Full Article

DUSP10 Constrains Innate IL-33-Mediated Cytokine Production in ST2^hi Memory-Type Pathogenic Th2 Cells

Scientists showed that a MAPK phosphatase Dusp10 is a key negative regulator of IL-33-induced cytokine production in Th2 cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Characterization of CD28^null T Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung explant-derived T cells, but not normal donor lung CD28⁺ T cells induced dexamethasone-resistant lung remodeling in humanized NSG mice. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Identification of a Novel OX40L⁺ Dendritic Cell Subset that Selectively Expands Regulatory T Cells

Researchers determined GM-CSF administration to mice induced the generation of in vivo derived OX40L⁺ DCs, phenotypically similar to ex vivo OX40L⁺GM-CSF derived bone-marrow dendritic cells, in the spleen, brachial lymph nodes and liver. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Quantitative B-Lymphocyte Deficiency and Increased TCRγδ T-Lymphocytes in Acute Infectious Spondylodiscitis

Investigators performed extensive B and T-lymphocyte phenotyping in patients with acute infectious spondylodiscitis at diagnosis and after treatment cessation. In this prospective multicenter study, flow cytometric analysis of T and B-lymphocyte subsets was performed in 35 patients at diagnosis and three months after treatment cessation. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Emergence of Immunoregulatory Ym1⁺Ly6C^hi Monocytes during Recovery Phase of Tissue Injury

The authors identified a subpopulation of Ly6C^hi monocytes that contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Ym1⁺Ly6C^hi monocytes greatly expanded in bone marrow during the recovery phase of systemic inflammation or tissue injury. [Sci Immunol] Abstract

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Regulatory T Cells in the Treatment of Disease

Scientists describe the current progress in modulating T_reg cells in autoimmune disorders, transplantation and cancer. [Nat Rev Drug Discov] Abstract

Regulatory T Cells in Embryo Implantation and the Immune Response to Pregnancy

The authors summarize the mechanisms acting in the conception environment to drive the Treg response and discuss prospects for targeting the T cell compartment to alleviate immune-based reproductive disorders. [J Clin Invest] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Helix BioPharma Corp. and Moffitt Cancer Center Extend Collaboration on Immunotherapy, including Study of L-DOS47 with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors

Helix BioPharma Corp. announced that it has extended its collaboration agreement with Moffitt Cancer Center for an additional year. During the first year of the collaboration, a new pancreatic adenocarcinoma mouse model suitable for testing L-DOS47 in combination with immunotherapy was developed. [Helix BioPharma Corp. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

MEI Pharma and BeiGene Announce Clinical Collaboration to Evaluate ME-401 in Combination with Zanubrutinib in Patients with B-Cell Malignancies

MEI Pharma, Inc. and BeiGene, Ltd. announced a clinical collaboration to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MEI’s ME-401, an investigational PI3K delta inhibitor, in combination with BeiGene’s zanubrutinib, an investigational BTK inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies. [MEI Pharma, Inc.] Press Release

Bristol-Myers Squibb and Compugen Announce Clinical Collaboration to Evaluate Therapeutic Regimen in Advanced Solid Tumors

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Compugen announced the companies have entered into a clinical trial collaboration to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Compugen’s COM701, an investigational anti-PVRIG antibody, in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb’s programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor Opdivo, in patients with advanced solid tumors. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company] Press Release

Argentina’s Scientists Struggle amid Slipping Peso and Rising Inflation

Researchers have struggled under austerity measures adopted by the government in 2014 and intensified in June by a financing agreement that Argentina signed with the International Monetary Fund. [Nature News] Editorial

Columbia University Postdocs Vote to Unionize

Postdocs at Columbia University voted to unionize, with representation from the United Auto Workers, according to The Associated Press. The organization represents the first postdoc union at a private university in the United States. [The Scientist] Editorial

Major Publishers File Second Lawsuit against ResearchGate

ResearchGate, a popular networking platform where scientists can post their published work, has a complicated relationship with academic publishers. A number of them have accused the site of illicitly disseminating copyrighted work, and two of these—Elsevier and the American Chemical Society—filed a lawsuit in Germany last year to try to force ResearchGate to change its practices. [The Scientist] Editorial

Surging R&D Spending in China Narrows Gap with United States

China’s total spending on R&D rose a robust 12.3% last year to a record 1.76 trillion yuan ($254 billion), according to a government report. Already second in the world in R&D spending behind the United States, China has narrowed the gap. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Ghost Authorship Haunts Industry-Funded Clinical Trials

An analysis of industry-funded clinical trials has found that drug companies are often heavily involved in research — but are not always transparent about it. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Defence is the Best Attack: Immuno-Oncology Breakthroughs
March 3-6, 2019
New York, New York, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Mondor Biomedical Research Institute)

NEW Postdoctoral Research Associate – Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Immunity (University of Illinois)

NEW Faculty Position – Immunology (Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Institute Group Leader – Lymphocyte Biology (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

PhD and Postdoctoral Research Positions – Innate Immunity (Universitatsklinikum Tubingen)

Open Rank Professor – Biopharmaceutical Discovery (University of Delaware)

Assistant Professor – Biology (University of Delaware)

Research Assistant II – Immunology (Baylor College of Medicine)

Head of Laboratory – Immunology of Regulatory T Cells (Novartis Pharma AG)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Technical University of Munich)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Nantes)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Foxp3+ T-Regulatory in Autoimmunity and Transplantation (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia)

Postdoctoral Position – B-Cell Memory (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

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