Immune Regulation News 11.02 January 25, 2019 | |
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TOP STORYSmall Metabolites Have Big Effects on the Intestinal Immune Response For at least a decade, researchers have known that normal bacteria in the gut can induce intestinal immune cells to extend tentacle-like structures, known as dendrites, to “capture” antigens, triggering both immediate and long-term immune responses. What was less clear was how the bacteria activate this process. Now, a research team has found that the molecules responsible have been hiding in plain sight. [Press release from Osaka University discussing online prepublication in Nature] Press Release | Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)A Defined Commensal Consortium Elicits CD8 T Cells and Anti-Cancer Immunity Investigators isolated a consortium of 11 bacterial strains from healthy human donor faeces that is capable of robustly inducing interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells in the intestine. [Nature] Abstract Single-Cell Profiling Identifies Myeloid Cell Subsets with Distinct Fates during Neuroinflammation Combining deep single-cell transcriptome analysis, fate mapping, in vivo imaging, clonal analysis, and transgenic mouse lines, scientists comprehensively characterized unappreciated myeloid subsets in several central nervous system compartments during neuroinflammation. [Science] Abstract The authors report that a potent type 2 immune response associated with the accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages was observed in response to sterile microparticles similar in size to wear debris associated with prosthetic implants. [Nat Mater] Abstract | Press Release Investigators showed that stimulation with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, evokes changes in the central carbon metabolism of macrophages that enable antitumor activity, including engulfment of CD47+ cancer cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release Basophil-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Can Enhance Survival in a Sepsis Model in Mice Scientists demonstrated that basophil-deficient mice exhibit reduced bacterial clearance and increased morbidity and mortality in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release The authors used a genetic knockin reporter system in mice to track and reciprocally delete or express IL-1 receptor 1 in specific cell types, including endothelial cells, ventricular cells, peripheral myeloid cells, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract The Lineage Stability and Suppressive Program of Regulatory T Cells Require Protein O-GlcNAcylation Researchers showed that T cell receptor-activated posttranslational modification by O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) stabilized FOXP3 and activated STAT5, thus integrating these critical signaling pathways. [Nat Commun] Full Article Investigators showed that, at homeostasis, Runx deficiency induces excessive group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation due to overly active GATA-3 functions. By contrast, during allergic inflammation, the absence of Runx impairs the ability of ILC2s to proliferate and produce effector TH2 cytokines and chemokines. [Nat Commun] Full Article Scientists identified an IL-3-dependent amplification loop that exacerbates autoimmune inflammation. In experimental myocarditis, they showed that effector organ-accumulating autoreactive IL-3+ CD4+ T cells stimulated IL-3R+ tissue macrophages to produce monocyte-attracting chemokines. [J Exp Med] Abstract B7-H3 CAR T cells mediated significant anti-tumor activity in vivo, causing regression of established solid tumors in xenograft models including osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract | Press Release Researchers showed that while altering an adjuvant co-administered with pulmonary delivered antigen does not impact the size of the lung tissue-resident memory T cell (Trm) population, a particular adjuvant, zymosan, when administered into the airways without antigen can drive effector CD8+ T cells to differentiate into lung Trm. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract To identify molecular pathways by which receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates smoking related lung injury scientists performed unbiased gene expression profiling of alveolar macrophages obtained from RAGE null and C57BL/6 WT mice exposed to cigarette smoke for one week or four months. [Sci Rep] Full Article Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News. | |
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REVIEWSImmunometabolism at the Interface between Macrophages and Pathogens It is generally regarded that the progression of an infection within host macrophages is the consequence of a failed immune response. However, recent appreciation of macrophage heterogeneity, with respect to both development and metabolism, indicates that the reality is more complex. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSAgenus Closes $150 Million Immuno-Oncology Transaction with Gilead Agenus Inc. announced the closing of its immuno-oncology partnership deal with Gilead Sciences, Inc., focused on the development and commercialization of up to five novel immuno-oncology therapies. [Agenus Inc.] Press Release Incyte Corporation announced that the first patient has been treated in GRAVITAS-309, a pivotal Phase III trial for the first-line treatment of patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. [Incyte Corporation] Press Release ElsaLys Biotech presented the results from long-term follow-up of INO-107 Phase III study patients up to 8.5 years. These results have been published in a letter to Blood signed by the investigators demonstrating clinical benefit of inolimomab in acute steroid-resistant graft versus host disease (SR-aGvHD). [ElsaLys Biotech SA] Press Release TG Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for umbralisib for the treatment of adult patients with marginal zone lymphoma who have received at least one prior anti-CD20 regimen. [TG Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release Genmab A/S announced that its licensing partner, Janssen Biotech, Inc., has submitted the first part of a regulatory submission to the FDA for a label expansion to include the use of daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are not candidates for high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. [Genmab A/S] Press Release MacroGenics Announces Removal of Partial Clinical Hold on MGD009 Program by FDA MacroGenics, Inc. announced that the FDA has lifted the partial clinical hold on its Phase I monotherapy and combination studies of MGD009, a B7-H3 × CD3 bispecific DART® molecule. [MacroGenics, Inc.] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSScientists Relieved but Wary as US Shutdown Nears End The US government is poised to re-open after a historic 34-day shutdown that has paralyzed the National Science Foundation, NASA and other key science agencies. [Nature News] Editorial Brazil’s New President Has Scientists Worried. Here’s Why Brazil has long been a frontrunner in climate change policy and environmental diplomacy. The international conventions on climate change and biological diversity, for example, were born during the historic United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and Brazil played a key role in crafting and implementing both agreements. That legacy is now at risk. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Number of EU Research Students in Britain Drops from Pre-Referendum High The number of postgraduate researchers at UK universities who come from other European Union (EU) countries has fallen since the Brexit referendum in June 2016. [Nature News] Editorial CRISPR-Baby Scientist Fired by University The scientist who announced last year that he had produced the world’s first gene-edited babies has been fired by his university. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Keystone Symposia: Skin Health & Disease: Immune, Epithelial & Microbiome Crosstalk Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope) NEW PhD Student Position – Immunology (Universitätsmedizin Göttingen) Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) PhD Student – Oncolytic Virus Immune Therapy (German Cancer Research Center) Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Yonsei Cancer Center) PhD Position – Epigenetics of Melanoma Immunotherapy Response (University of Otago) Postdoctoral Scientist – Molecular Innate Immunity (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center) Supervisor – Transfusion Medicine – Immune, Progenitor, & Cell Therapy (Mayo Clinic-Rochester) Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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