Immune Regulation News Volume 11.03 | Feb 1 2019

TOP STORY

Gut Intraepithelial T Cells Calibrate Metabolism and Accelerate Cardiovascular Disease

The authors describe a subset of immune cells—integrin β7⁺ natural gut intraepithelial T lymphocytes—that is dispersed throughout the enterocyte layer of the small intestine and that modulates systemic metabolism. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Natural Killer Cells Degenerate Intact Sensory Afferents following Nerve Injury

Scientists showed that an endogenous ligand for the natural killer cell receptor NKG2D, retinoic acid early 1, was re-expressed in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons following peripheral nerve injury, triggering selective degeneration of injured axons. [Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Homeostatic Control of Sebaceous Glands by Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulates Commensal Bacteria Equilibrium

Researchers uncovered spatial compartmentalization of skin-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and modulation of sebaceous glands by a subset of RORγt⁺ ILCs residing within hair follicles in close proximity to sebaceous glands. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

A Murine Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on B Cell-Restricted Expression of Sf3b1 Mutation and Atm Deletion

Investigators showed that conditional expression of Sf3b1-K700E mutation in mouse B cells disrupted pre-mRNA splicing, altered cell development, and induced a state of cellular senescence. Combination with Atm deletion led to the overcoming of cellular senescence and the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia-like disease in elderly mice. [Cancer Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

A Mutation in the Transcription Factor Foxp3 Drives T Helper 2 Effector Function in Regulatory T Cells

Scientists identified an immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome patient with a forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) mutation in the domain swap interface of the protein. Recapitulation of this Foxp3 variant in mice led to the development of an autoimmune syndrome consistent with an unrestrained T helper type 2 immune response. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

A Neutrophil Timer Coordinates Immune Defense and Vascular Protection

The gene Bmal1 regulated expression of the chemokine CXCL2 to induce chemokine receptor CXCR2-dependent diurnal changes in the transcriptional and migratory properties of circulating neutrophils. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

A Biologic Scaffold-Associated Type 2 Immune Microenvironment Inhibits Tumor Formation and Synergizes with Checkpoint Immunotherapy

Researchers implanted a urinary bladder matrix scaffold, which is used clinically for wound management, with syngeneic cancer cell lines in mice to study how wound-healing immune responses affect tumor formation and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract

The Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway Regulates IL-10 Expression in Human Th1 Cells

Pathway analysis of cultured cytokine-producing human T cells revealed a significant association between IL-10 and cholesterol metabolism gene expression. [Nat Commun] Full Article

FGL2 Promotes Tumor Progression in the CNS by Suppressing CD103⁺ Dendritic Cell Differentiation

The presence of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) in tumor cells inhibited granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced CD103⁺ dendritic cell differentiation by suppressing NF-κB, STAT1/5, and p38 activation. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

IL-33/Regulatory T Cell Axis Triggers the Development of a Tumor-Promoting Immune Environment in Chronic Inflammation

Mice lacking interleukin (IL)-33 were protected from chronic allergic contact dermatitis and its skin cancer sequela compared with wild-type controls. IL-33’s direct signaling onto regulatory T cells was required for the development of the tumor-promoting immune environment in the skin. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

DDX19 Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Disrupting TBK1-IKKε-IRF3 Interactions and Promoting TBK1 and IKKε Degradation

Investigators report that the DExD/H-box helicase family member DExD/H-box RNA helicase 19 (DDX19) is a negative regulator of type I interferon production. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Sin1/mTORC2 Regulate B Cell Growth and Metabolism by Activating mTORC1 and Myc

Sin1, a key component of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), specifically regulated B cell growth and metabolism. Genetic ablation of Sin1 in B cells reduced the cell size at either the transitional stage or upon antigen stimulation and severely impaired metabolism. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

The PI3K p110δ Isoform Inhibitor Idelalisib Preferentially Inhibits Human Regulatory T Cell Function

Researchers showed that human regulatory T cells were highly susceptible to PI3Kδ inactivation using idelalisib compared with CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ effector T cells as evident from effects on anti-CD3/CD28/CD2-induced proliferation and acting at the level of AKT and NF-κB phosphorylation. [J Immunol] Abstract

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Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Immunosuppression — Implications for Anticancer Therapy

The authors discuss novel insights into the roles of regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer, which can hopefully be used to develop Treg cell-targeted therapies and facilitate immune precision medicine. [Nat Rev Clin Oncol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Fortress Biotech Announces CAEL-101 Strategic Partnership with Alexion Pharmaceuticals

Fortress Biotech, Inc. announced that Caelum Biosciences, Inc. has signed a strategic agreement with Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to advance the development of CAEL-101 for light chain amyloidosis. [Fortress Biotech, Inc.] Press Release

First Patient Treated with gp-ASIT+™ within the Framework of the Confirmatory Phase III Study in Grass Pollen Rhinitis

ASIT biotech announced the treatment of the first patient in the confirmatory Phase III study with gp-ASIT+™ in grass pollen rhinitis at the Memmingen medical center in Germany. [ASIT biotech (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Momenta Pharmaceuticals Announces First Subject Dosed in Phase I/II Clinical Trial of M254, Hypersialylated Immunoglobulin G

Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the dosing of the first subject in the Phase I/II clinical trial of M254, hypersialylated Immunoglobulin G. [Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

IBBR Awarded NIH Grant to Investigate T Cell Biology toward Development of Biotherapeutics

A team of investigators from the Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) and the University of Pittsburgh recently received a $3.6M National Institutes of Health award to expand the scope of their T cell research. [Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research] Press Release

BioInvent Receives FDA Orphan Designation for BI-1206 for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

BioInvent International AB announced that the FDA has granted the company orphan designation for its proprietary antibody BI-1206 for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. [BioInvent International AB] Press Release

Innate Pharma Receives FDA Fast Track Designation for IPH4102 in Relapsed or Refractory Sézary Syndrome

Innate Pharma SA announced that the FDA has granted Fast Track designation to IPH4102 for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory Sézary syndrome who have received at least two prior systemic therapies. [Innate Pharma SA] Press Release

Macedonia Name Change Paves Way for Science Cooperation with Greece

A political agreement between Greece and its smaller northern neighbour, the Republic of Macedonia, ends a longstanding dispute over the republic’s name and sets the stage for renewed cross-border collaboration in research and higher education. [Nature News] Editorial

Few Open-Access Journals Meet Requirements of Plan S, Study Says

Only a small proportion of open-access scientific journals fully meet the draft requirements of Plan S, the initiative primarily by European funders to make all papers developed with their support free to read, a study has found. Compliance with the rules could cost the remaining journals, especially smaller ones, more than they can afford. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 2^nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT)
April 29-May 2, 2019
Washington, D.C., United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Staff Scientist – Immunology (Cellzome GmbH)

NEW Assistant Professor – Translational Cancer Research (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope)

PhD Student Position – Immunology (Universitätsmedizin Göttingen)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Yonsei Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy (Columbia Center for Translational Immunology)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Molecular Innate Immunity (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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