Immune Regulation News Volume 11.09 | Mar 15 2019

TOP STORY

Inflammatory Macrophage Dependence on NAD⁺ Salvage Is a Consequence of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated DNA Damage

Researchers found that depletion of NAD⁺ and increased expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase occurred rapidly after inflammatory activation and coincided with DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS produced by complex III of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain were required for macrophage activation. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Anti-Commensal IgG Drives Intestinal Inflammation and Type 17 Immunity in Ulcerative Colitis

Scientists aimed to understand the mechanisms whereby changes in FcγRIIA affinity would affect inflammation in an immunoglobulin A (IgA)-dominated organ. They found a profound induction of anti-commensal IgG and a concomitant increase in activating FcγR signaling in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients. [Immunity] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Tissue Resident and Follicular Treg Cell Differentiation Is Regulated by CRAC Channels

Investigators showed that deletion of Stim1 and Stim2 genes in mature T regulatory (Treg) cells abolished Ca²⁺ signaling and prevented their differentiation into follicular Treg and tissue-resident Treg cells. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Regulation of T Cell Expansion by Antigen Presentation Dynamics

Recent experiments in mice have demonstrated that the expansion of a specific clone of T cells in response to cognate antigen obeys a striking inverse power law with respect to the initial number of T cells. Investigators showed that such a relationship arose naturally from a model in which T cell expansion was limited by decaying levels of presented antigen. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract | Press Release

miR-181a/b-1 Controls Thymic Selection of Treg Cells and Tunes Their Suppressive Capacity

Loss of miR-181a/b-1 resulted in inefficient de novo generation of Treg cells in the thymus but simultaneously permitted homeostatic expansion in the periphery in the absence of competition. [PLoS Biol] Full Article

Interstitial Migration of CD8αβ T Cells in the Small Intestine Is Dynamic and Is Dictated by Environmental Cues

Using two-photon laser scanning microscopy, investigators found that motility of antigen-specific CD8αβ T cells in the small intestine was dynamic and varied with the environmental milieu. Pathogen-specific CD8αβ T cell movement differed throughout infection, becoming locally confined at memory. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Liver-Resident NK Cells Suppress Autoimmune Cholangitis and Limit the Proliferation of CD4⁺ T Cells

Scientists extensively investigated the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangitis utilizing the well-established dnTGFβRII cholangitis model, NK cell-deficient mice, adoptive transfer and in vivo antibody-mediated NK cell depletion. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

The NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulates Glycolysis by Increasing PFKFB3 in an IL-1β-Dependent Manner in Macrophages

Researchers investigated whether the small molecule inhibitor of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, MCC950, modulates the lipopolysaccharide -and amyloid-β-induced metabolic phenotype and inflammatory signature in macrophages. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Crotoxin Promotes Macrophage Reprogramming towards an Antiangiogenic Phenotype

Thymic endothelial cells were incubated in the presence of macrophages treated with crotoxin (CTX) or supernatants of CTX-treated macrophages and endothelial cell proliferation, migration and adhesion activities, and the capillary-like tube formation in the matrigel-3D matrix was measured. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Temporal Dynamics of Immune Response following Prolonged Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion with and without Cyclosporine A

The authors determined the dynamics of the immune response following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of cyclosporine A in a mouse model of prolonged myocardial ischemia designated to represent the human condition of late reperfusion. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Full Article

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Innate, Innate-Like and Adaptive Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of MS and EAE

Researchers review the contributions of distinct subsets of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with an emphasis on lymphocytes other than CD4⁺ T cells. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Regulatory Cytokine Function in the Respiratory Tract

The authors discuss the role of cytokines during respiratory infection and allergic airway disease, highlighting the critical importance of cellular source and immunological context for the effects of cytokines in vivo. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Seres Therapeutics Announces Microbiome Immuno-Oncology Focused Collaboration with AstraZeneca

Seres Therapeutics, Inc. announced a three-year research collaboration with AstraZeneca. The collaboration will focus on advancing mechanistic understanding of the microbiome in augmenting the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, including potential synergy with AstraZeneca compounds. [Seres Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Biocartis and Bristol-Myers Squibb Sign Collaboration Agreement for MSI Testing with Immuno-Oncology Therapies

Biocartis Group NV announced the signing of a collaboration agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company aimed at the potential registration as a companion diagnostic and use of the Idylla™ MSI test in connection with immuno-oncology therapies. [Biocartis Group NV] Press Release

Flow Pharma, Inc. and OncoImmunity AS Partner for the Development of FlowVax™ Personalized Cancer Vaccines

Flow Pharma Inc. announced a collaboration with OncoImmunity AS. Under the agreement OncoImmunity will license the Immuneoprofiler™ software to Flow Pharma to support the clinical development and commercialization of products based on the FlowVax platform. [Flow Pharma Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

European Commission Approves Roche’s MabThera (Rituximab) for a Rare Autoimmune Disease

Roche announced that the European Commission has approved MabThera^® for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris, a rare condition characterised by progressive painful blistering of the skin and/or mucous membranes. [F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd] Press Release

Compugen Announces Issuance of Two U.S. Composition of Matter Patents for COM701, Its Lead Immuno-Oncology Product Candidate

Compugen Ltd. announced that the United States Patent and Trademark Office has granted two composition of matter patents for COM701, the company’s lead immuno-oncology therapeutic antibody candidate. [Compugen Ltd.] Press Release

Survey Highlights “Shocking” Gender Bias Among PI Pay in UK

Organizers of a survey of early-career scientists in the UK say they are shocked by the picture it paints of gender bias in British science. Women principal investigators (PIs) who have started their own lab in recent years are paid thousands of pounds a year less than men at the same stage of their career, the results show. [The Scientist] Editorial

Norway Joins List of Countries Canceling Elsevier Contracts

Norway has become latest country to cancel its contracts with Elsevier following a dispute over access to research papers. In a statement published March 12, the Norwegian Directorate for ICT and Joint Services in Higher Education and Research, which represents a consortium of research institutions in the country, rejected Elsevier’s offer to lower some of its costs for Norwegian institutions because it didn’t go far enough to promote free access to published research. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW ESH 5^th International Conference on Acute Myeloid Leukemia “Molecular and Translational”: Advances in Biology and Treatment
October 24-26, 2019
Estoril, Portugal

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Fox Chase Cancer Center)

Research Fellow – Protective and Aberrant Immunity (Monash University)

Associate Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (HMH Center for Discovery & Innovation)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immune Evasion (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Staff Scientist – Immunology (Cellzome GmbH)

Assistant Professor – Translational Cancer Research (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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