Immune Regulation News Volume 11.12 | Apr 5 2019

TOP STORY

Innate Lymphoid Cells Support Regulatory T Cells in the Intestine through Interleukin-2

Scientists showed, in a mouse model, that interleukin-2 is acutely required to maintain T_reg cells and immunological homeostasis throughout the gastrointestinal tract. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

The Lung Environment Controls Alveolar Macrophage Metabolism and Responsiveness in Type 2 Inflammation

Researchers found that the hyporesponsiveness of alveolar macrophages to IL-4 depended upon the lung environment but was independent of the host microbiota or the lung extracellular matrix components surfactant protein D and mucin 5b. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

Adaptive Plasticity of IL-10⁺ and IL-35⁺ T_reg Cells Cooperatively Promotes Tumor T Cell Exhaustion

The authors found that the cytokines IL-10 and IL-35 were divergently expressed by T_reg cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment and cooperatively promoted intratumoral T cell exhaustion by modulating several inhibitory receptor expression and exhaustion-associated transcriptomic signature of CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Editorial

Keratinocyte-Mediated Activation of the Cytokine TGF-β Maintains Skin Recirculating Memory CD8⁺ T Cells

Investigators showed that after resolution of skin vaccinia virus infection, antigen-specific circulating memory CD8⁺ T cells migrated into skin. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged HIF-1α-Stabilizing lncRNA from Tumor-Associated Macrophages Regulates Aerobic Glycolysis of Breast Cancer Cells

Scientists demonstrated that tumor-associated macrophages enhanced the aerobic glycolysis and apoptotic resistance of breast cancer cells via the extracellular vesicle transmission of a myeloid-specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), HIF-1α-stabilizing lncRNA. [Nat Cell Biol] Abstract

LKB1 Expressed in Dendritic Cells Governs the Development and Expansion of Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells

Researchers found that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) functioned as a critical brake on dendritic cell (DC) immunogenicity, and when lost, led to reduced mitochondrial fitness and increased maturation, migration, and T cell priming of peripheral DCs. [Cell Res] Abstract

Intestinal Development and Homeostasis Require Activation and Apoptosis of Diet-Reactive T Cells

The authors explored the impact of dietary antigens on the phenotype and fate of intestinal T cells. Physiological uptake of dietary proteins generated a highly activated CD44⁺Helios⁺CD4⁺ T cell population predominantly in Peyer patches. [J Clin Invest] Full Article

The lncRNA Neat1 Promotes Activation of Inflammasomes in Macrophages

Investigators showed that the lncRNA Neat1 promoted the activation of several inflammasomes. Neat1 associated with the NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes in mouse macrophages to enhance their assembly and subsequent pro-caspase-1 processing. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Shp-2 Is Critical for ERK and Metabolic Engagement Downstream of IL-15 Receptor in NK Cells

Scientists showed, using mice conditionally deficient for Shp-2 in the NK lineage, that NK cell development and responsiveness are largely unaffected. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Single-Cell Imaging of CAR T Cell Activity In Vivo Reveals Extensive Functional and Anatomical Heterogeneity

Using intravital imaging, researchers tracked interactions established by anti-CD19 CAR T cells in B cell lymphoma–bearing mice. Circulating targets trapped CAR T cells in the lungs, reducing their access to lymphoid organs. [J Exp Med] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Clever-1 Contributes to Lymphocyte Entry into the Spleen via the Red Pulp

Ex vivo adhesion assays in mice and humans, together with genetic ablation of Clever-1 in mice, indicate that CD8⁺ T cell and B220⁺ B cell homing to the spleen via the red pulp is Clever-1 dependent. [Sci Immunol] Full Article | Press Release

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Harnessing the Innate Immune System and Local Immunological Microenvironment to Treat Colorectal Cancer

Several important factors, including cytokines, chemotherapeutics and the microbiome, influence the plasticity and functionality of innate cells in the microenvironment, and this complexity of regulation has limited translation into successful trials so far. Current concepts of the immunobiology of the innate arm in the tumor microenvironment are presented in the context of clinical translation. [Br J Cancer] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

New Preclinical Research Presented Reveals Unique Anti-Cancer Mechanism of Action Underscoring IMV’s Immunotherapy Program

IMV Inc. announced that preclinical research presented demonstrated how the mechanism of action of IMV’s proprietary DPX technology can enhance a broad spectrum of immune cell infiltration into tumors, which included T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. [Press release from IMV Inc. discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Scholar Rock Presents Additional Preclinical Data Demonstrating a Highly Specific Inhibitor of TGFβ1 Activation Can Render Resistant Solid Tumors Vulnerable to PD1 Blockade and Drive Tumor Regression with Combination Therapy

Scholar Rock Holding Corporation announced additional data that further elucidate the mechanism of action of a highly specific inhibitor of TGFβ1 activation in syngeneic mouse tumor models that emulate clinically-observed primary resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy. [Press release from Scholar Rock Holding Corporation discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Rubius Therapeutics Announces Extensive Preclinical Data for Three Red Cell Therapeutic Oncology Programs

Rubius Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the company presented preclinical data from its emerging oncology pipeline of Red Cell Therapeutics™. [Press release from Rubius Therapeutics, Inc. discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Promising Results from Preclinical Studies with a Novel CD37-Targeted Alpha Therapy for B-Cell Tumors Presented

Nordic Nanovector ASA notes that promising results from its preclinical research collaboration to develop a novel CD37-targeting alpha therapy for B-cell tumors have been reported today in an oral presentation. [Press release from Nordic Nanovector ASA discussing research presented at the 11^th International Symposium on Targeted-Alpha-Therapy (TAT11), Ottawa] Press Release

Immunomic Therapeutics Presents Late-Breaking Preclinical Data on DNA Vaccine ITI-7000

Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc. presented late-breaking preclinical data which shows that its investigational nucleic acid platform, UNITE, may enhance antitumor immunity when used in connection with its investigational DNA vaccine, ITI-7000. [Press release from Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc. discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Seres Therapeutics Presents New Preclinical Data Supporting the Development of SER-401 for Immuno-Oncology

Seres Therapeutics, Inc. announced that new preclinical data supporting the development of microbiome therapeutics for immuno-oncology will be presented by Sceneay et al. [Press release from Seres Therapeutics, Inc. discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

IO Biotech Presents Data on an Immunomodulatory CCL22-Based Vaccine

IO Biotech presented preclinical data on the therapeutic potential of an immunomodulatory CCL22-based vaccine. [Press release from IO Biotech (PR Newswire Association LLC) discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Compugen Presents Update on COM701 Phase I Trial

Compugen Ltd. announced that its ongoing Phase I clinical trial evaluating COM701, a first-in-class therapeutic antibody targeting PVRIG, was featured in a trial-in-progress poster. [Press release from Compugen Ltd. discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Cyteir Therapeutics Announces New Data Demonstrating Lead Compound CYT-0851 is Active Against Lymphomas and Solid Tumors, Synergistic with PARP Inhibitors

Cyteir Therapeutics announced the presentation of promising new preclinical data for the company’s lead compound, CYT-0851. [Press release from Cyteir Therapeutics discussing research presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2019, Atlanta] Press Release

Novartis to Acquire IFM Tre to Develop First-In-Class NLRP3 Antagonist Portfolio Targeting Innate Immune System

IFM Therapeutics announced that it has reached a definitive agreement with Novartis, under which Novartis will acquire all of the outstanding capital stock of IFM Tre, a subsidiary company of IFM. [IFM Therapeutics, LLC.] Press Release

Agenus Begins Dosing with Next-Gen Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody

Agenus Inc. announced that the first patient was dosed in the clinical trial of its next-generation anti-CTLA-4 antibody (AGEN1181). AGEN1181, a novel ‘Fc engineered’ antibody with potential for enhanced anti-tumor functions, is specifically designed to boost cancer killing immune cells and deplete cells that block the activity of these cancer killing cells. [Agenus Inc.] Press Release

Urine Test to Evaluate Immunotherapy Success Gets $1.8 Million NIH Research Grant

New immunotherapies can dramatically defeat cancer. But more often, cancer evades them, and doctors need to know quickly when that happens, so they can adjust treatment. An experimental urine test to detect immunotherapy effectiveness very early has received a major funding boost. [Georgia Institute of Technology] Press Release

2019 Harrington Prize Awarded to Dr. Carl June, University of Pennsylvania

The sixth annual Harrington Prize for Innovation in Medicine has been awarded to Carl H. June, MD, the Richard W. Vague Professor in Immunotherapy in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. [University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (Newswise, Inc.()] Press Release

FTC Hits Predatory Scientific Publisher with a $50 Million Fine

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has won a summary judgement that just might cause some predatory publishers to step back from their business model. An India-based predatory publisher has been hit with a $50 million dollar judgement for deceptive business practices, along with permanent injunctions against most of the activities that made it money. [Ars Technica] Editorial

Bioethicists Concerned over Japan’s Chimera Embryo Regulations

Japanese regulators have effectively given the green light to research involving human-animal chimera embryos. Many researchers see the move to relax the rules as a welcome change, yet some are worried the revisions don’t take public concerns enough into consideration. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW New Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Conference
September 14-15, 2019
San Diego, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Neuro-Immune Interaction/Immunology (KU Leuven)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Innate Lymphoid Cell Biology (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Fox Chase Cancer Center)

Research Fellow – Protective and Aberrant Immunity (Monash University)

Associate Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (HMH Center for Discovery & Innovation)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immune Evasion (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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