Immune Regulation News Volume 11.13 | Apr 12 2019

TOP STORY

Suppression of Exosomal PD-L1 Induces Systemic Anti-Tumor Immunity and Memory

Investigators describe an alternative mechanism of PD-L1 activity involving its secretion in tumor-derived exosomes. Removal of exosomal PD-L1 inhibits tumor growth, even in models resistant to anti-PD-L1 antibodies. [Cell] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IL-17 Metabolically Reprograms Activated Fibroblastic Reticular Cells for Proliferation and Survival

Researchers demonstrated a critical requirement for interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the proliferation of lymph-node and splenic stromal cells, particularly fibroblastic reticular cells, during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

SUCNR1 Controls an Anti-Inflammatory Program in Macrophages to Regulate the Metabolic Response to Obesity

Activation of succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) promoted an anti-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages and boosted the response of these cells to type 2 cytokines, including interleukin-4. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Control of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and T Cells in Glioblastoma via AHR and CD39

The authors report that kynurenine produced by glioblastoma cells activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in tumor-associated macrophages to modulate their function and T cell immunity. [Nat Neurosci] Abstract

Rbpj Expression in Regulatory T Cells Is Critical for Restraining T_H2 Responses

Investigators showed that T_reg-specific Rbpj deletion led to splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy despite increased numbers of T_reg cells with a polyclonal TCR repertoire. [Nat Commun] Full Article

TRIM9-Mediated Resolution of Neuroinflammation Confers Neuroprotection upon Ischemic Stroke in Mice

Scientists report that TRIM9, a brain-specific tripartite motif (TRIM) protein, was highly expressed in the peri-infarct areas shortly after ischemic insults in mice, but expression was decreased in aged mice, which are known to have increased neuroinflammation after stroke. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Autophagy Regulation of Metabolism Is Required for CD8⁺ T Cell Anti-Tumor Immunity

Researchers demonstrated a cell-autonomous role for autophagy in the regulation of CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated control of tumors. Mice deficient for the essential autophagy genes Atg5, Atg14, or Atg16L1 displayed a dramatic impairment in the growth of syngeneic tumors. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Regulates Colitis-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation through the NLRP3 Inflammasome

The authors investigated the role of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in pulmonary extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, using dextran sulfate sodium and anti-CD40 murine models of colitis. Both models induced neutrophilic inflammation, with increased TNF and IL-1β levels, bacterial load and PAFR protein expression in mouse lungs. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

MST1R Kinase Accelerates Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Effects on both Epithelial Cells and Macrophages

Investigators examined the relevance of Mst1r kinase to Kras driven pancreatic carcinogenesis using genetically engineered mouse models. In the setting of mutant Kras, Mst1r overexpression increased acinar-ductal metaplasia, accelerated the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and resulted in the accumulation of mannose receptor C type 1⁺, arginase 1⁺ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. [Oncogene] Abstract

Pivotal Role of STIM2, but not STIM1, in IL-4 Production by IL-3-Stimulated Murine Basophils

Scientists found that loss of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), but not STIM2, impaired basophil IL-4 production after stimulation with immunoglobulin E-containing immune complexes. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Inhibiting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Trafficking Enhances T Cell Immunotherapy

Researchers assessed whether SX-682, an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, could block tumor myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment and enhance T cell activation and antitumor immunity following multiple forms of immunotherapy. [JCI Insight] Full Article | Press Release

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B Cell Checkpoints in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

B cells have important functions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In addition to producing autoantibodies, B cells contribute to autoimmunity by serving as professional antigen-presenting cells, producing cytokines, and through additional mechanisms. [Nat Rev Rheumatol] Abstract

ILC3 Function as a Double-Edged Sword in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The authors feature group 3 innate lymphoid cells’ development, biological function, maintenance of gut homeostasis, mediation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurrence, and potential application to IBD therapy. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

I-Mab Biopharma and Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Announce Strategic Collaboration Agreement with Biodextris and a Boston-Based, Leading Academic Medical Center

I-Mab Biopharma and Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical announced that they have entered into collaborative research agreement with world-renowned scientists and clinicians at the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Biodextris to jointly develop a novel immuno-stimulatory therapy for neurologic disorders by harnessing the natural power of the immune system. [I-Mab Biopharma] Press Release

UC San Diego Health Treats 1^st Cancer Patient with Stem-Cell Derived Natural Killer Cells

In February 2019, as part of a Phase I clinical trial at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, Ruff became the first patient in the world to be treated for cancer with a human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell therapy called FT500. [UC San Diego Health] Press Release

Impact Factors Are Still Widely Used in Academic Evaluations

About 40% of institutes with a strong focus on research mention impact factors in documents used in the review, promotion and tenure process, according to the analysis, which examined more than 800 documents across 129 institutions in the United States and Canada. [Nature News] Editorial

FDA, New York Attorney General Go After Stem Cell Clinics

On April 3, the FDA sent letters to 20 companies providing stem cell treatments, reports The New York Times, reminding them that they may require FDA approval and should take action to comply. The agency also issued a warning to a stem cell company for violating good manufacturing practices. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Tuberculosis: Immunity & Immune Evasion
January 16-20, 2020
Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States

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NEW Senior Staff Scientist – Functional Genomics (Wellcome Sanger Institute)

Research Technologist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Neuro-Immune Interaction/Immunology (KU Leuven)

Director of Research – Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Fox Chase Cancer Center)

Research Fellow – Protective and Aberrant Immunity (Monash University)

Associate Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (HMH Center for Discovery & Innovation)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope)

Assistant/Associate or Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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