Immune Regulation News 11.14 April 26, 2019 | |
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TOP STORYCompartmentalized Gut Lymph Node Drainage Dictates Adaptive Immune Responses Researchers showed that gut-draining lymph nodes (gLNs) were immunologically specific to the functional gut segment that they drain. Stromal and dendritic cell gene signatures and polarization of T cells against the same luminal antigen differed between gLNs, with the proximal small intestine-draining gLNs preferentially giving rise to tolerogenic responses and the distal gLNs to pro-inflammatory T cell responses. [Nature] Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Immunogenic Neoantigens Derived from Gene Fusions Stimulate T Cell Responses Scientists demonstrated that gene fusions are a source of immunogenic neoantigens that can mediate responses to immunotherapy. They identified an exceptional responder with metastatic head and neck cancer who experienced a complete response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, despite a low mutational load and minimal pre-treatment immune infiltration in the tumor. [Nat Med] Abstract The authors describe a germinal center (GC)-specific, AKT-kinase-driven negative feedback loop that attenuates B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling. Mass spectrometry revealed that AKT target activity was altered in GC B cells compared with naive B cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract Choline Uptake and Metabolism Modulate Macrophage IL-1β and IL-18 Production Investigators found that Toll-like receptor activation enhanced choline uptake by macrophages and microglia through induction of the choline transporter CTL1. Inhibition of CTL1 expression or choline phosphorylation attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 production in stimulated macrophages. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Researchers report that mast cell activation via Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor b2 evoked non-histaminergic itch in mice independently of the IgE-Fc epsilon RI-histamine axis. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Mechanical Skin Injury Promotes Food Anaphylaxis by Driving Intestinal Mast Cell Expansion Tape stripping mouse skin, a surrogate for scratching, caused expansion and activation of small intestinal mast cells, increased intestinal permeability, and promoted food anaphylaxis in sensitized mice. [Immunity] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract Galectin-3 (Gal3) deletion in 5xFAD mice attenuated microglia-associated immune responses, particularly those associated with TLR and TREM2/DAP12 signaling. In vitro data revealed that gal3 was required to fully activate microglia in response to fibrillar amyloid beta. [Acta Neuropathol] Full Article Mettl3-Mediated mRNA m6A Methylation Promotes Dendritic Cell Activation The authors report that RNA methyltransferase Mettl3-mediated mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation promoted dendritic cell activation and function. [Nat Commun] Full Article Scientists report, that sorafenib acts via direct immune‐modulation indispensable for its anti‐tumor activity. In vivo cell depletion experiments in two orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models as well as in vitro analysis identified macrophages (MΦ) as the key mediators of the anti‐tumoral effect and demonstrated a strong interdependency of MΦ and natural killer (NK) cells for efficient tumor cell killing. [Hepatology] Abstract Investigators report that double deletion of floxed Irf8 and Spi1 by Mb1-Cre in the B cell lineage resulted in severe defects in the development of follicular and germinal center B cells. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News. | |
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REVIEWST Cells and the Skin: From Protective Immunity to Inflammatory Skin Disorders The authors consider how a better understanding of cutaneous T cell responses can aid in the development of effective new therapies for immune-mediated cutaneous diseases. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field. | |
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SCIENCE NEWSProvectus Biopharmaceuticals Announces Acceptances of PV-10 Poster Presentations Provectus announced that data from clinical trials of lead investigational cancer agent PV-10 will be presented on two poster presentations. [Press release from Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. discussing research to be presented at the 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, Chicago] Press Release | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSMateon Therapeutics, Inc. and Oncotelic Inc. announced that they have completed their previously announced merger. The combined company has a focused pipeline of TGF-β RNA Therapeutics for late stage cancers, including gliomas, pancreatic cancer and melanoma. [Mateon Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release Orgenesis Inc. announced that it has entered into an agreement with Columbia University, by which it will fund research to develop a cellular vaccination product platform, which it has licensed from Columbia University, for pancreatic, hepatic and cholangiocarcinoma cancers. [Orgenesis Inc.] Press Release PureTech Health plc announced that it has entered into a research collaboration with Boehringer Ingelheim to develop novel product candidates for an undisclosed number of targets by leveraging PureTech’s proprietary lymphatic targeting technology for immune modulation. [PureTech Health plc] Press Release Idronoxil Confirmed as New ImmunoOncology Drug Noxopharm released data from the first series of pre-clinical studies confirming that idronoxil, the active ingredient in the company’s anti-cancer drug candidate, Veyonda®, activates the immune system. [Noxopharm] Press Release Viracta Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designations to their Phase II drug candidate, nanatinostat, in combination with the antiviral valganciclovir, for the treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, plasmablastic lymphoma, and angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma. [Viracta Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release NeoImmuneTech, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designation to Hyleukin-7™, a T cell amplifier, in development for the treatment of idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia. [NeoImmuneTech, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSUS Universities Reassess Collaborations with Foreign Scientists in Wake of NIH Letters Kuspa’s attempt to stay ahead of NIH came to naught. A few months into the audit, Baylor College of Medicine received letters from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) asking about four scientists it believed had violated the agency’s rule requiring them to disclose all foreign ties relating to their research. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Elsevier and Norway Agree on New Open-Access Deal After unsuccessful negotiations between a coalition of Norwegian organizations and the academic publisher Elsevier culminated in cancelled subscriptions earlier this year, the two have successfully established a new nationwide licensing agreement. [The Scientist] Editorial Fearing No-Deal Brexit, European Funder Orders UK Researchers to Transfer Grants The prospect of Brexit, the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union, has loomed long and large over researchers, but the effects on funding, so far, have been speculative. Now, a European funding agency has made a pre-emptive strike in advance of Brexit, changing a policy that directly impacts grants in the United Kingdom. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW EMBL Conference: Cancer Genomics Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah) Senior Staff Scientist – Functional Genomics (Wellcome Sanger Institute) Postdoctoral Position – Neuro-Immune Interaction/Immunology (KU Leuven) Postdoctoral Fellow – Immuno-Oncology (Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center) Faculty Position – Immunology (Fox Chase Cancer Center) Research Fellow – Protective and Aberrant Immunity (Monash University) Associate Scientist – Immuno-Oncology (HMH Center for Discovery & Innovation) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy (City of Hope) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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