Immune Regulation News Volume 11.38 | Oct 11 2019

TOP STORY

Migratory DCs Activate TGF-β to Precondition Naïve CD8⁺ T Cells for Tissue-Resident Memory Fate

Upon deleting αV integrins from CD11c⁺ dendritic cells (DCs) in mice, scientists observed a pronounced reduction in the number of CD8⁺ T cells in the epidermis, whereas the numbers of dermal CD8⁺ T cells and other skin immune cells were unchanged. [Science] Abstract

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Ikaros Prevents Autoimmunity by Controlling Anergy and Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in B Cells

Researchers describe a critical role of the transcription factor Ikaros in controlling B cell antigen receptor anergy and Toll-like receptor signaling. Mice with specific deletion of Ikaros in mature B cells developed systemic autoimmunity. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

House Dust Mites Activate Nociceptor-Mast Cell Clusters to Drive Type 2 Skin Inflammation

Intravital imaging and genetic approaches indicated that house dust mite-activated nociceptors drive the development of allergic skin inflammation by inducing the degranulation of mast cells contiguous to such nociceptors, through the release of substance P and the activation of the cationic molecule receptor MRGPRB2 on mast cells. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulates Development of Systemic Inflammatory Response and Compensatory Anti-Inflammatory Response Syndromes in Mice with Acute Pancreatitis

Activation of the adaptive immune response in mice was initiated by macrophage-derived, caspase1-processed cytokines and required activation of NLRP3. Spleen cells from mice with pancreatitis had increases in T-helper (Th)2 cells but not in Th1 cells. [Gastroenterology] Abstract | Full Article

CD109 Restrains Activation of Cutaneous IL-17-Producing γδ T Cells by Commensal Microbiota

Investigators demonstrated that CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein highly expressed by keratinocytes, is an important regulator of skin homeostasis and interleukin-17-producing γδ T cell activation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Disrupting Myelin-Specific Th17 Cell Gut Homing Confers Protection in an Adoptive Transfer Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Scientists showed that encephalitogenic Th17 cells infiltrate the colonic lamina propria before neurological symptom development in two murine multiple sclerosis models, active and adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Bcl10 Is Required for the Development and Suppressive Function of Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells

Researchers found that Bcl10 was required for not only the development but also the function of Treg cells. After deleting Bcl10 in T cells, they found that the development of Treg cells was significantly impaired. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

CARD9 Mediates Dendritic Cell–Induced Development of Lyn Deficiency-Associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

The authors found that genetic deletion of CARD9 was sufficient to reduce the development of both spontaneous autoimmune disease as well as DSS- or IL-10 deficiency–associated colitis in Lyn-deficient mice. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Progranulin Attenuates Liver Fibrosis by Downregulating the Inflammatory Response

In a carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis model, progranulin (PGRN) showed protective effects against hepatic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis via inhibition of nuclear transcription factor kappa B phosphorylation. PGRN also decreased lipid accumulation and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production and fibrosis in the methionine‐choline‐deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Tumor Cell-Derived Debris and IgG Synergistically Promote Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer by Inducing Inflammation via Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Scientists showed that M2 macrophage-derived inflammation existed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Debris from PDAC cells induced potent IL-1β release by M2 macrophages via TLR4/TRIF/NF-κB signaling, and this effect was further boosted by IgG that was also derived from PDAC cells. [Br J Cancer] Full Article

Platelet IP6K1 Regulates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Microparticle Complex Formation in Acute Pancreatitis

Investigators examined if platelets and platelet inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) regulate pancreatic tissue injury via formation of NETs in experimental models of acute pancreatitis in mice. [JCI Insight] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Full Article

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Developing Neoantigen-Targeted T Cell-Based Treatments for Solid Tumors

The authors discuss the promise, progress and challenges for improving neoantigen-targeted T cell-based immunotherapies for cancer. [Nat Med] Abstract

Adaptive Immunity: An Emerging Player in the Progression of NAFLD

Researchers discuss data regarding the role of B cells and T cells in sustaining the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, along with the findings that antigens originating from oxidative stress act as a trigger for immune responses. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

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Advaxis and UCLA Enter Collaboration for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy Discovery Research

Advaxis, Inc. announced a research collaboration agreement with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) to conduct preclinical studies evaluating the company’s Lm technology in mouse tumor models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). [Advaxis, Inc.] Press Release

Principia Announces Positive Preliminary Data of PRN1008 from Its Ongoing Phase II Part B Trial in Pemphigus

Principia Biopharma Inc. announced positive preliminary data from its Phase II pemphigus, open-label, trial. [Principia Biopharma Inc.] Press Release

MiroBio Launches with £27m Series A from Leading Life Sciences Investors

MiroBio, a novel therapeutics company based on insights into the regulation of receptor signalling in immune cells, has raised £27m from a syndicate of international specialist life sciences investors. [Oxford University] Press Release

In Bid to Boost Transparency, bioRxiv Begins Posting Peer Reviews Next to Preprints

BioRxiv, the server for life sciences preprints, has begun an experiment that allows select journals and independent peer-review services to publicly post evaluations of its papers should the authors make the request. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

‘There’s No Hope for The Rest of Us.’ Uyghur Scientists Swept Up in China’s Massive Detentions

No one outside the Chinese government knows where Tashpolat Tiyip is. No one knows exactly what charges have been filed against him. The only thing that anyone really knows is that in April 2017, as the geographer and former president of Xinjiang University in Ürümqi prepared to fly from Beijing to Berlin for a scientific conference and the launch of a research center, he disappeared without even a phone call to colleagues or family. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Connecting B Cell Biology with Antibody Structure, Function and Applications
March 15-20, 2020
Ventura, California, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Translational Immuno-Oncology (Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy)

Research Technologist (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology and Vaccines (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Innate Immune Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms (University of Utah)

Chief – Laboratory of Allergic Diseases (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunology (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Interface of Stem Cell Biology and Immunology (Columbia University)

Faculty Position – Tumor Immunology (University of Utah)

Assistant Professor and Postdoctoral Fellows – Immunology (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Assistant Professor – Neuro-Immune/Neuro-Pharmacological Interactions (University of Pennsylvania)

Associate or Full Professor – Neuro-Immune/Neuro-Pharmacological Interactions (University of Pennsylvania)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

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