Immune Regulation News Volume 11.41 | Nov 1 2019

TOP STORY

Stress-Induced Metabolic Disorder in Peripheral CD4⁺ T Cells Leads to Anxiety-Like Behavior

Researchers showed that the lack of CD4⁺ T cells protected mice from stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Physical stress-induced leukotriene B4 triggers severe mitochondrial fission in CD4⁺ T cells, which further led to a variety of behavioral abnormalities including anxiety, depression, and social disorders. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

CXCR3 Enables Recruitment and Site-Specific Bystander Activation of Memory CD8⁺ T Cells

Scientists report that memory T cell bystander activation was not limited to induction by systemic inflammation. They initially observed potential T cell bystander activation in a cohort of human vaccine recipients. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Synergized Regulation of NK Cell Education by NKG2A and Specific Ly49 Family Members

The authors showed, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletion, that mice lacking all members of the Ly49 family exhibited a moderate defect in natural killer (NK) cell activity, while mice lacking only two inhibitory Ly49 members, Ly49C and Ly49I, had comparable phenotypes. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Keratinocyte-Intrinsic MHCII Expression Controls Microbiota-Induced Th1 Cell Responses

Investigators demonstrated that T cell responses to commensal colonization were associated with the development of organized cellular clusters within the skin epithelium. These organized lymphocyte clusters were surrounded by keratinocytes expressing a discrete program associated with antigen presentation and antimicrobial defense. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Activated CD8⁺ T Cells Cause Long-Term Neurological Impairment after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Using a traumatic brain injury mouse model, researchers correlated changes in the local immune response with neurodegeneration/neurological dysfunction over an eight-month period. Flow cytometric analysis reveals a protracted increase in effector/memory CD8⁺ T cells in the injured brain. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Jagged1-Mediated Myeloid Notch1 Signaling Activates HSF1/Snail and Controls NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Liver Inflammatory Injury

Scientists report that myeloid Notch1 signaling regulated the NLRP3-driven inflammatory response in ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

FOXP3 Protects Conventional Human T Cells from Premature Restimulation-Induced Cell Death

The authors describe a novel role for forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in protecting human conventional effector T cells (Tcons) from premature restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) during expansion. Unlike FOXP3-mediated protection from RICD in regulatory T cells, FOXP3 protected Tcons through a distinct mechanism requiring de novo transcription that did not require SLAM-associated protein suppression. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

BCL11B Regulates MICA/B-Mediated Immune Response by Acting as a Competitive Endogenous RNA

By a combined bioinformatics prediction and experimental approach, investigators identified BCL11B 3′-UTR as a putative major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) ceRNA. They demonstrated in several human cell lines of different origins that the knockdown of BCL11B downregulated surface expression of MICA and MICB. [Oncogene] Abstract

Allogeneic Dendritic Cells Induce Potent Antitumor Immunity by Activating KLRG1⁺CD8 T Cells

Researchers immunized recipient B6 mice with different types of allogenic leukocytes and found that vaccination with allogenic dendritic cells elicited the most efficient protection against broad-spectrum tumors. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Chloroquine Modulates Inflammatory Autoimmune Responses through Nurr1 in Autoimmune Diseases

Using in vitro T cell differentiation models, scientists demonstrated that chloroquine activated T_REG cell differentiation and induced Foxp3 gene expression in a Nurr1-dependent manner. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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Emerging Activators and Regulators of Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis

Investigators highlight the latest progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, including the discovery of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D. They also discuss the importance of inflammasome activators and regulators in health and disease. [Trends Immunol] Abstract

Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophages: From Homeostasis Maintenance to Host Defense

The authors focussed on key epigenetic events associated with macrophage fate, highlighting events related to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, responses to different stimuli and the formation of innate immune memory. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Ziopharm Oncology and MD Anderson Cancer Center Announce New R&D Agreement to Expand TCR-T Program

Ziopharm Oncology, Inc. and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center announced a new research and development agreement relating to Ziopharm’s Sleeping Beauty immunotherapy program to use non-viral gene transfer to stably express and clinically evaluate neoantigen-specific T-cell receptors in T cells. [Ziopharm Oncology, Inc.] Press Release

Seneca Biopharma and QYuns Therapeutics Sign Term Sheet for Global Licensing of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating Auto-Immune Diseases

Seneca Biopharma, Inc. and Jiangsu QYuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd. jointly announced that they have entered into a non-binding term sheet for the licensing of certain assets owned by QYuns. [Seneca Biopharma, Inc.] Press Release

RINVOQ™ (Upadacitinib) Meets Primary and All Ranked Secondary Endpoints in Phase III Study in Psoriatic Arthritis

AbbVie announced positive top-line data from the SELECT-PsA 2 Phase III study. In this study, both doses of RINVOQ™ met the primary endpoint of ACR20 response at week 12 versus placebo in adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis who have responded inadequately to one or more biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. [Abbvie] Press Release

Trump Nominates MD Anderson’s Stephen Hahn to Lead FDA

President Trump announced his intent to nominate Dr Stephen Hahn to lead the Food and Drug Administration. Dr Stephen Hahn is the chief medical executive at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. While he is an accomplished physician and researcher, he has never worked in government, leaving his potential FDA agenda a mystery. [STAT News] Editorial

Swiss Authorities Probe Boehringer Ingelheim and Other Companies for Antitrust Practices

A Swiss government agency that last month opened an antitrust investigation into several drug makers and distributors has now disclosed the names of nearly a dozen companies that may have fixed the market for an ingredient used to make a treatment for stomach pain. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW 12^th International Congress on Autoimmunity
May 20-24, 2020
Athens, Greece

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Pro-Inflammatory B Cells (Institut Necker Enfants Malades)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – CAR T-Cell Immunology (Washington University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Neuro-Immune Control of Metabolism (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Translational Immuno-Oncology (Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology and Vaccines (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Innate Immune Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms (University of Utah)

Chief – Laboratory of Allergic Diseases (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunology (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Interface of Stem Cell Biology and Immunology (Columbia University)

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