Immune Regulation News Volume 11.46 | Dec 6 2019

TOP STORY

CD4⁺ T Cell Help Is Required for the Formation of a Cytolytic CD8⁺ T Cell Subset that Protects against Chronic Infection and Cancer

Scientists showed that CD8⁺ T cells responding to chronic infection were more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. They uncovered the formation of a CX₃CR1-expressing CD8⁺ T cell subset that exhibited potent cytolytic function and was required for viral control. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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Infectious Stimuli Promote Malignant B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Absence of AID

Investigators showed that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) genetic deletion did not affect B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) development in Pax5-haploinsufficient mice prone to B-ALL upon natural infection exposure. [Nat Commun] Full Article

CD4⁺ T Cell Help Creates Memory CD8⁺ T Cells with Innate and Help-Independent Recall Capacities

Researchers used genome-wide analyses to show how CD4⁺ T cell help delivered during priming promoted memory differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Cross-Talk between iNKT Cells and CD8 T Cells in the Spleen Requires the IL-4/CCL17 Axis for the Generation of Short-Lived Effector Cells

The authors demonstrated that the cross-talk between invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) and CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen, essential for initiating productive immune responses, is biphasic and occurs at 2 distinct sites. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

B Cell Receptor Ligation Induces Display of V-Region Peptides on MHC Class II Molecules to T Cells

Using a mouse model, scientists showed that naive B cells did not express readily detectable levels of pId:MHCII. However, B cell receptor ligation by Ag dramatically increases physical display of pId:MHCII, leading to activation of idiotypic (Id)-specific CD4⁺ T cells, extrafollicular T-B cell collaboration and some germinal center formation, and production of Id⁺ IgG. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Features of Non-Activation Dendritic State and Immune Deficiency in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN)

To identify disease-specific molecular features of BPDCN, researchers profiled the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and serum samples from primary patient samples using an in-house hematologic malignancy panel, transcriptome microarray, and serum multiplex immunoassays. [Blood Cancer J] Full Article

Langerhans Cells Orchestrate the Protective Antiviral Innate Immune Response in the Lymph Node

Investigators showed that after footpad infection of mice with ectromelia virus, dendritic cells (DCs) highly expressing major histocompatibility complex class II, including CD207⁺ epidermal Langerhans cells, CD103⁺CD207⁺ double-positive dermal DCs, and CD103⁻CD207⁻ double-negative dermal DCs migrated to the draining lymph node from the skin carrying virus. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

IL-33 Signaling Alters Regulatory T Cell Diversity in Support of Tumor Development

The authors used single-cell RNA sequencing to longitudinally profile dynamic shifts in the distribution of regulatory T cells in a genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Serum-Circulating His-tRNA Synthetase Inhibits Organ-Targeted Immune Responses

Researchers showed that His-tRNA synthetase (HARS) regulated immune cell engagement and inhibited CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell activation. In mouse and rodent models of acute inflammatory diseases, HARS administration downregulated immune activation. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

NEK7 Interacts with NLRP3 to Modulate the Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease via NF-κB Signaling

NEK7 mRNA and protein expression and pyroptosis-associated factors, including caspase-1, NLRP3, and GSDMD, were upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease tissues. NEK7 knockdown abolish ATP⁺ LPS-induced pyroptosis in vitro and improved DSS-induced chronic colitis in vivo. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Resveratrol Inhibits IL-33-Mediated Mast Cell Activation by Targeting the MK2/3-PI3K/Akt Axis

Scientists found that resveratrol inhibited interleukin (IL)-33/ST2-mediated mast cell activation. Resveratrol suppressed IL-33-induced IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α production in mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells, mouse fetal skin-derived mast cells, and human basophils. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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T_reg Cell-Based Therapies: Challenges and Perspectives

Scientists discuss the biology of T_reg cells and describe new efforts in T_reg cell engineering to enhance specificity, stability, functional activity and delivery. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract

The Influence of Environment and Origin on Brain Resident Macrophages and Implications for Therapy

The authors review the potential implications of origin on microglial function, with particular focus on existing and future therapies using bone-marrow- or stem-cell-derived cells for the treatment of neurological diseases. [Nat Neurosci] Abstract

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Resonant Therapeutics Announces Collaboration with Janssen

Resonant Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the company has entered into an agreement with Janssen Research and Development, LLC with the aim to discover and validate novel tumor and immunological targets, and to validate certain therapeutic candidates. [Resonant Therapeutics, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Boston Biomedical, Inc. Enters into an Alliance in Oncology Research with Columbia University, Harvard University and The Wistar Institute

Boston Biomedical, Inc. announced that the company has entered into an alliance in oncology research with three world-leading oncology centers of excellence – Columbia University, Harvard University and The Wistar Institute. [Boston Biomedical, Inc.] Press Release

Samyang Biopharm USA, Inc and CanCure LLC Announce Global Strategic Collaboration to Advance Novel Immuno-Oncology Therapeutic

Samyang Biopharm USA, Inc. announced that the company has entered into a worldwide licensing agreement with CanCure LLC. [Samyang Biopharm USA, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Soligenix Completes Enrollment in Its Pivotal Phase III Clinical Trial of SGX301 in the Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Soligenix, Inc. announced it has completed patient enrollment in its Phase III “Fluorescent Light Activated Synthetic Hypericin” study for SGX301 in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. [Soligenix, Inc.] Press Release

Ra Pharmaceuticals Announces Dosing of First Patient in Phase II Clinical Trial of Zilucoplan for IMNM

Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the initiation of dosing in its Phase II clinical trial of zilucoplan for the treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). [Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Innovent Announces First Patient Dosed in Phase I Clinical Trial of Anti-LAG-3 Monoclonal Antibody in China

Innovent Biologics, Inc. announced that the first patient has been successfully dosed in a Phase I clinical trial of anti-lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3)recombinant fully human monoclonal antibody drug candidate in China. [Innovent Biologics, Inc.] Press Release

Bristol-Myers Squibb Announces US FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for ORENCIA^® (Abatacept) to Help Prevent Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease, a Potentially Life-Threatening Complication after Stem Cell Transplant

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for ORENCIA^® for the prevention of moderate to severe acute graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplants from unrelated donors. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company] Press Release

Atreca Announces FDA Clearance of Investigational New Drug Application for ATRC-101

Atreca, Inc. announced that the FDA has cleared the company’s Investigational New Drug application. Atreca expects to initiate a first-in-human Phase Ib clinical trial of ATRC-101 in patients with solid tumors in early 2020. [Atreca, Inc.] Press Release

Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy Designation Granted by FDA to ADP‑A2M4 for the Treatment of Synovial Sarcoma

Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc announced that it has received Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy designation from the FDA for ADP-A2M4 for the treatment of synovial sarcoma. [Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc] Press Release

OSE Immunotherapeutics Announces Positive Results from Phase I Clinical Study of Anti-IL-7 Receptor Antagonist OSE-127

OSE Immunotherapeutics announced completion and positive results from the Phase I study of OSE-127, a humanized monoclonal antibody with a differentiated mechanism of action as a full-antagonist of the CD127 receptor, the alpha chain of the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R). [OSE Immunotherapeutics] Press Release

Science Publishers Review Ethics of Research on Chinese Minority Groups

Two science publishers are reviewing the ethics of research papers in which scientists backed by China’s government used DNA or facial-recognition technology to study minority groups in the country, such as the predominantly Muslim Uyghur population. [Nature News] Editorial

What the United Kingdom’s ‘Brexit Election’ Means for Science

The United Kingdom’s three main political parties have each pledged to increase spending on science, ahead of a general election overshadowed by the country’s vote three and a half years ago to leave the European Union. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Translational Research in Viral Hepatitis: Addressing the Gaps for Cure
January 23-25, 2020
Athens, Greece

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NEW Postdoctoral Scholar Position – Molecular Biology, Immunology and Synthetic Biology (University of California, Irvine)

Research Associate – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

PhD Studentship – Visualizing Immune Cell Activation at Single Molecule Resolution (Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immunology (Columbia University)

Research Assistant/Associate – Innate Immunity (Newcastle University)

Postdoctoral Fellow Positions – Computational Immunology/Biology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Genetic Mechanisms of Lupus (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunology/Bioengineering (West Virginia University)

Postdoctoral Position – Pro-Inflammatory B Cells (Institut Necker Enfants Malades)

Postdoctoral Researcher – CAR T-Cell Immunology (Washington University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Neuro-Immune Control of Metabolism (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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