Immune Regulation News Volume 12.06 | Feb 21 2020

TOP STORY

γδ T Cells and Adipocyte IL-17RC Control Fat Innervation and Thermogenesis

Investigators used thermogenic adipose tissue from mice as a model system to show that T cells, specifically γδ T cells, had a crucial role in promoting sympathetic innervation, at least in part by driving the expression of TGFβ1 in parenchymal cells via the IL-17 receptor C (IL-17RC). [Nature] Abstract

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ILC2s Amplify PD-1 Blockade by Activating Tissue-Specific Cancer Immunity

Researchers showed that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) infiltrated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas to activate tissue-specific tumor immunity. IL33 activated tumor ILC2s and CD8⁺ T cells in orthotopic pancreatic tumors but not heterotopic skin tumors in mice to restrict pancreas-specific tumor growth. [Nature] Abstract

CD36-Mediated Metabolic Adaptation Supports Regulatory T Cell Survival and Function in Tumors

The authors found that CD36 was selectively upregulated in intrautumoral T_reg cells as a central metabolic modulator. CD36 fine-tuned mitochondrial fitness via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β signaling, programming T_reg cells to adapt to a lactic acid-enriched tumor microenvironment. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

The MYCL and MXD1 Transcription Factors Regulate the Fitness of Murine Dendritic Cells

Scientists observed that Mycl was expressed in immature Batf3-dependent classical dendritic cell subset (cDC1s) but repressed on maturation, concomitant with Mxd1 induction in mature cDC1s. They hypothesized that MYCL and MXD1 regulated a shared, but reciprocal, transcriptional program during cDC1 maturation. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Lack of the MHC Class II Chaperone H2-O Causes Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diseases

Using a combination of various in vivo approaches, including peptide elution, mixed lymphocyte reaction, T-cell receptor deep sequencing, tetramer-guided naïve CD4 T-cell precursor enumeration, and whole-body imaging, the authors report that DO affected the repertoire of presented self-peptides by B cells and thymic epithelium. [PLoS Biol] Full Article

Conversion of Effector CD4⁺ T Cells to a CD8⁺ MHC II-Recognizing Lineage

Researchers defined a novel CD4⁻CD8αβ⁺ MHC II-recognizing population generated by lineage conversion from effector CD4⁺ T cells. CD4⁻CD8αβ⁺ effector T cells downregulated the expression of T helper cell-associated costimulatory molecules and increased the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated cytotoxic molecules. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

Anti-Cancer Effects of Chemokine-Directed Antigen Delivery to a Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cell Subset with Immune Checkpoint Blockade

The authors generated a fusion protein, consisting of an Ag peptide presented with MHC class I, and an XCR1 ligand, XCL1, and examined its effects on anti-tumor immunity in mice. The fusion protein was delivered to XCR1⁺ dendritic cells in an XCR1-dependent manner. [Br J Cancer] Full Article

Microbial Regulation of Enteric Eosinophils and Its Impact on Tissue Remodeling and Th2 Immunity

Scientists investigated the role of the microbiota in the regulation of enteric eosinophils. They found that small intestinal eosinophilia was significantly greater in germ-free mice compared to specific pathogen free controls. [Front Immunol] Full Article

Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Megakaryocytes in a Paracrine Manner

Mouse bone marrow macrophages were differentiated into mature osteoclasts, and MC3T3-E1 cells were used for osteoblastic experiments. Bone formation was determined by a calvaria bone formation assay in vivo. Micro-CT analyses were performed in the femurs of ovariectomized female C57B/L6 and Balb/c nude mice after intravenous injections of megakaryocytes (MK) or pro-MK conditioned media. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Effect of T. Spiralis Serine Protease Inhibitors on TNBS-Induced Experimental Colitis Mediated by Macrophages

96 male BALB/c mice aged six to eight weeks were randomly divided into two groups: the prevention group and the therapy group. Changes of the ratio of M1/M2 phenotypic macrophages in spleens and MLNs, key factors in the IL-33/ST2 and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were detected. [Sci Rep] Full Article

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HCV Infection and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: An Evolving Story

According to the most accepted model, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-driven chronic antigenic stimulation may represent the major stimulus for lymphoma growth. Several evidences have led to recommend antiviral therapy in the setting of asymptomatic indolent B cell lymphomas not requiring an immediate systemic treatment. [Clin Exp Med] Abstract

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Pediatric Researchers in Montreal Unite to Tackle Infection and Immunity on Two Different Fronts

Researchers at the Montreal Children’s Hospital of the McGill University Health Center and the CHU Sainte-Justine are coming together within the scope of two new projects, funded under the auspices of the McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity: improving the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial pneumonia and better understanding rare immune disorders. [McGill University] Press Release

Five Prime Therapeutics Licenses Antibodies to Seattle Genetics for Use in Novel Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) Programs

Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. announced a global license agreement with Seattle Genetics, Inc. to develop and commercialize novel ADC therapies using monoclonal antibodies developed by Five Prime. [Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Has the UK Science Minister Been Demoted?

A government reshuffle in the United Kingdom has born another new science minister – a position that has seen a revolving door of appointees, firings and resignations in recent years. The latest appointment also comes with an apparent political demotion for the role, which expert observers say is in conflict with a government that appears to have put research and innovation at the heart of its agenda. [Nature News] Editorial

NIH Hosts Nonhuman Primate Workshop Amidst Increased Scrutiny of Monkey Research

More than three years after it hosted a workshop on the science and ethics of biomedical studies on monkeys, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) this week convened another workshop on nonhuman primate research. And much like the previous event, the meeting is drawing sharply divergent reactions from biomedical and animal advocacy groups. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Animal Welfare Records Return to USDA Website

On February 18, the US Department of Agriculture replaced on its website the animal welfare records that the agency had removed in early 2017 and added records that had been generated since, as ordered by Congress, The Washington Post reports. These documents, unredacted and searchable, include thousands of reports from unannounced inspections at research labs as well as zoos, circuses, dog breeders, and other facilities. [The Scientist] Editorial

White House Formally Invites Public Comment on Open-Access Policies

The White House issued a notice Wednesday seeking comment on its effort to enhance public access to federally funded research. It’s an old idea creating new controversy. White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director Kelvin Droegemeier is pushing back against publishers that in December said the administration was quietly pursuing an executive order to require immediate free distribution of taxpayer funded research. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW T-ALL 2020, Omics, Biology and Therapy
March 20-22, 2020
Utrecht, Netherlands

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunometabolism (Braunschweig Univesity of Technology)

Research Associate – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Investigators – Single Cell Genomics (GlaxoSmithKline plc.)

Program Manager – Research Initiatives on Neurofibromatosis (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology (University of Oslo)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Immunoregulation (GlaxoSmithKline plc.)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Granuloma (Texas Biomedical Research Institute)

Faculty Position – Ion Channels and Immunology (NYU School of Medicine)

Biologist – Aging (NIH National Institute on Aging)

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