Immune Regulation News 12.07 February 28, 2020 | |
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TOP STORYSex-Specific Adipose Tissue Imprinting of Regulatory T Cells Researchers uncovered pronounced sexual dimorphism in Treg cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Male VAT was enriched for Treg cells compared with female VAT, and Treg cells from male VAT were markedly different from their female counterparts in phenotype, transcriptional landscape and chromatin accessibility. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Scientists uncovered baseline blood transcriptional signatures predictive of antibody responses to both influenza and yellow fever vaccinations in healthy subjects. These same signatures evaluated at clinical quiescence were correlated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with plasmablast-associated flares. [Nat Med] Abstract Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation Investigators showed that relative to familial adenomatous polyposis, ulcerative colitis (UC) pouches reduced levels of lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid, genes required to convert primary bile acids to secondary bile acids (SBAs), and Ruminococcaceae. In three murine colitis models, SBA supplementation reduced intestinal inflammation. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Press Release | Graphical Abstract In Arabidopsis thaliana, autoimmunity and cell death are linked to variants of the NLR RPP7 and the RPW8 proteins involved in broad-spectrum resistance. The authors uncovered the molecular basis for this autoimmunity and demonstrated that a homolog of RPW8, HR4Fei-0, could trigger the assembly of a higher-order RPP7 complex, with autoimmunity signaling as a consequence. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract Researchers showed that although liver macrophages did not become proinflammatory during obesity, they displayed signs of oxidative stress. In livers of both humans and mice, antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was down-regulated with obesity and insulin resistance, yielding an impaired response to lipid accumulation. [Sci Transl Med] Full Article | Press Release Caspase-11 Promotes Allergic Airway Inflammation Scientists showed that Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibited caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in murine and human macrophages. PGE2 suppressed caspase-11 expression in murine and human macrophages and in the airways of mice with allergic inflammation. [Nat Commun] Full Article Investigators showed that the anti-apoptotic molecule cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) was crucial for the generation of IL-7/IL-15-dependent NKp46+ innate lymphoid cell (ILC)1, including conventional natural killer cells, and ILC3. [Nat Commun] Full Article Neuronal, Stromal, and T-Regulatory Cell Crosstalk in Murine Skeletal Muscle Researchers evidenced a striking proximity between IL-33+ muscle mesenchymal stromal cells (mSCs) and both large-fiber nerve bundles and small-fiber sensory neurons and demonstrated that up- or down-tuning of calcitonin-gene-related peptide signals augmentsed or diminished, respectively, IL-33 production by muscle mSCs and later accumulation of muscle Tregs. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract Scientists report that STAT3 was activated in infiltrating monocytic cells near active multiple sclerosis lesions and that activation of STAT3 in myeloid cells was essential for leukocyte infiltration, neuroinflammation, and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article The authors showed that ER stress initiated NF-κB activation and inflammation through transcriptional upregulation and ligand-independent activation of TRAIL receptors. ER-stress-induced TRAIL receptor activation resulted in caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1-dependent NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production. [Dev Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News. | |
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REVIEWSPlasticity of Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets Scientists review recent advances in research on innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), with a focus on the plasticity of these cells. They highlight the ability of ILCs to communicate with the surrounding microenvironment and discuss the possible consequences of ILC plasticity for our understanding of the biological roles of these cells. [Nat Rev Immunol] Abstract Pathway Paradigms Revealed from the Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease The authors describe inflammatory bowel disease as a model disease in the context of leveraging human genetics to dissect interactions in cellular and molecular pathways that regulate homeostasis of the mucosal immune system. [Nature] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced that it has acquired PvP Biologics, Inc. following the conclusion of a Phase I proof-of-mechanism study of investigational medicine TAK-062 for the treatment of uncontrolled celiac disease. [Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release Boehringer Ingelheim announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency has adopted a positive opinion recommending granting marketing authorization for nintedanib for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease in adults. [Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH] Press Release Anokion SA announced the initiation of patient dosing in the company’s multi-center Phase I clinical trial to evaluate KAN-101, the company’s lead antigen-specific drug candidate, for the treatment of celiac disease. [Anokion SA] Press Release Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency has recommended the approval of a subcutaneous formulation of the gut-selective biologic vedolizumab for use as maintenance therapy in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. [Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release Pandion Therapeutics, Inc. announced the dosing of the first subject in a Phase I clinical trial of PT101, a novel and proprietary IL-2 mutein Fc fusion protein therapy. PT101 has shown potential to treat autoimmune diseases by expanding populations of regulatory T cells. [Pandion Therapeutics, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSFederal Judge Rules Clinical Trial Sponsors Must Publish a Decade’s Worth of Missing Data For years, government research agencies have misinterpreted a law that requires them to collect and post clinical trial data, a federal judge ruled this week, leaving behind a ten-year gap in data that now must be made publicly available. [STAT News] Editorial It was the fall of 2015 when researchers from Google and the University of California, San Francisco, first sat down together to hash out a research collaboration in an area that has since exploded with activity: using artificial intelligence to make predictions in the hospital. [STAT News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Meeting: Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESResearch Associate – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Scientist – Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.) Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunometabolism (Braunschweig Univesity of Technology) Postdoctoral Investigators – Single Cell Genomics (GlaxoSmithKline plc.) Program Manager – Research Initiatives on Neurofibromatosis (Johns Hopkins University) Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology (University of Oslo) Postdoctoral Researcher – Immunoregulation (GlaxoSmithKline plc.) Postdoctoral Scientist – Granuloma (Texas Biomedical Research Institute) Faculty Position – Ion Channels and Immunology (NYU School of Medicine) Biologist – Aging (NIH National Institute on Aging) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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