Immune Regulation News Volume 12.10 | Mar 20 2020

TOP STORY

Diapedesis-Induced Integrin Signaling via LFA-1 Facilitates Tissue Immunity by Inducing Intrinsic Complement C3 Expression in Immune Cells

Scientists generated C3-reporter mice and confirmed that C3 expression was a defining feature of tissue-immune cells, including T cells and monocytes, occurred during transendothelial diapedesis, and depended on integrin lymphocyte-function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) signals. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Therapeutic Modulation of Phagocytosis in Glioblastoma Can Activate Both Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immunity

Researchers showed that CD47 blockade alone was inefficient in stimulating glioma cell phagocytosis. However, combining CD47 blockade with temozolomide resulted in a significant pro-phagocytosis effect due to the latter’s ability to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress response. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cells Harness Macrophage-Derived Amphiregulin to Maintain Tissue Homeostasis

Researchers demonstrated a pathway through which mesenchymal stem and stromal cells instructed macrophages to resolve inflammation and preserve tissue-specific stem cells, leading to homeostasis in mice with autoimmune uveoretinitis and sterile-injury-induced corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

β-Amyloid Clustering around ASC Fibrils Boosts Its Toxicity in Microglia

Compared with protein-only application, exposure to associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC)-β-amyloid composites amplified the proinflammatory response, resulting in pyroptotic cell death, setting free functional ASC and inducing a feedforward stimulating vicious cycle. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Therapeutic ACPA Inhibits NET Formation: A Potential Therapy for Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

The authors demonstrated using a pre-clinical basket approach that therapeutic anti-citrullinated protein antibody (tACPA) could have broad therapeutic potential. Treatment with tACPA prevented disease symptoms in various mouse models with plausible neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)-mediated pathology, including inflammatory arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

MAdCAM-1 Mediates Retinal Neuron Degeneration in Experimental Colitis through Recruiting Gut-Homing CD4⁺ T Cells

To investigate the pathogenesis of IBD-associated retinal dysfunction, chronic colitis was induced in mice by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate. Electroretinography was performed to evaluate retinal function. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Surface LSP-1 Is a Phenotypic Marker Distinguishing Human Classical versus Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Using a synthetic library of humanized llama single domain antibodies, scientists identified a novel surface marker for human naturally-occuring monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Antibody targeted an extra-cellular domain of LSP-1, specifically on monocyte-derived DCs, but not on other leukocytes, in particular monocytes, macrophages, classical DCs or the recently described blood DC3 population. [Sci Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Slco2a1 Deficiency Exacerbates Experimental Colitis via Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages: A Possible Mechanism of Chronic Enteropathy Associated with SLCO2A1 Gene

The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeats containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome was more strongly upregulated in colon tissues of solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2a1 gene (Slco2a^)−/− mice administered dextran sodium sulphate and in macrophages isolated from Slco2a1^−/− mice than in the wild type counterparts. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Prednisolone in Early Pregnancy Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Generation and Alters Fetal and Placental Development in Mice

Prednisolone disrupted the expected expansion of CD4⁺ T cells in early pregnancy, inhibiting generation of both Treg cells and effector T cells and suppressing IFNG required for T cell functional competence. [Mol Hum Reprod] Abstract

Loss of the Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transporter CD98hc Alters the Development of Colonic Macrophages in Mice

To investigate the function of branched-chain amino acids in the development of gut macrophages, an inducible knock-out mouse model for the branched-chain amino acid transporter CD98hc in CX3CR1⁺ macrophages was generated. [Commun Biol] Full Article

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Establishment and Maintenance of the Macrophage Niche

The authors examine recent studies that uncovered mutually beneficial cell-cell circuits established between macrophages and their niche and propose a modular view of tissues that integrates the resident macrophage as an essential component of each individual module. [Immunity] Abstract

The Pathogenic Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Autoimmune-Related and Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Recent research has identified that several distinct subsets of Innate lymphoid cells at skin barriers are involved in the complex regulatory network in local immunity, potentiating adaptive immunity and the inflammatory response. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

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OSE Immunotherapeutics and Servier Amend the Global Licensing Option Agreement for IL-7R Antagonist OSE-127 in Autoimmune Diseases

OSE Immunotherapeutics SA and Servier announced the execution of an amendment to the two-step global licensing option agreement for exclusive global rights to IL-7 receptor antagonist OSE-127. In particular, the amendment modifies the provisions regarding the option exercise modalities and associated financial conditions. [OSE Immunotherapeutics SA] Press Release

Alpine Immune Sciences’ ALPN-101 Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designations for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Graft versus Host Disease

Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. announced the FDA has made two orphan drug designations for ALPN-101, Alpine’s first-in-class selective dual T cell costimulation inhibitor, for the prevention and for the treatment of acute GvHD. [Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc.] Press Release

Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Awards $400K in Funding for Asian Immune Cell Atlas Project

The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative has awarded $398,731 in funding to a team of researchers developing an atlas of immune cell types found across a range of Asian population groups, Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology, and Research. [The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (GenomeWeb)] Press Release

Amid Coronavirus Shutdowns, Some Grad Students Feel Pressure to Report to Their Labs

As the coronavirus outbreak roils university campuses across the world, early-career scientists are facing several dilemmas. Many are worrying about the survival of cell cultures, laboratory animals, and other projects critical to their career success. And some are reporting feeling unwelcome pressure to report to their laboratories. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Universities Urge US Leaders to Boost Science Budgets by 15%, Ease Rules to Cope With Pandemic

The US research community is urgently asking the White House and Congress to take steps aimed at keeping academic research—as well as museums, botanic gardens, and zoos—afloat during the coronavirus pandemic. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

US Primate Centers Work to Protect Animals from COVID-19

Like humans, monkeys are vulnerable to the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic, although their symptoms are not entirely the same. This has opened up opportunities to study SARS-CoV-2, but has also meant facilities need to institute extensive precautions to prevent unintended contagion, particularly now as the researchers plan nonhuman primate experiments to aid in the development of coronavirus treatments and vaccines. [The Scientist] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Immunology and Allergies (University of Michigan)

Research Specialist – Immune Cell Function (Johns Hopkins University)

Assistant Professor – Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (Wayne State University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation (Universitätsklinikum Jena)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Leukemia Biology and Dendritic Cells (Dana Farber Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Leukocyte Extravasation across Postcapillary Venules (University Hospital of Muenster)

Postdoctoral Investigators – Single Cell Genomics (GlaxoSmithKline plc.)

Program Manager – Research Initiatives on Neurofibromatosis (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immunology (University of Oslo)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Immunoregulation (GlaxoSmithKline plc.)

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