Immune Regulation News Volume 12.27 | Jul 24 2020

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    IRN 12.27 | July 17 2020


    Immune Regulation News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 12.27 – 24 July, 2020
    TOP STORY

    Microglia Require CD4 T Cells to Complete the Fetal-to-Adult Transition

    The authors used a combination of imaging, single cell, and surgical approaches to identify a CD69+ CD4 T cell population in both the mouse and human brain, distinct from circulating CD4 T cells.
    [Cell]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract
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    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    Impact of Local Allo-Immunity and Recipient Cells in Transplant Arteriosclerosis

    Investigators report the transcriptional profiling of 11,868 cells in a mouse model of transplant arteriosclerosis by single-cell RNA sequencing.
    [Circulation Research]

    Abstract

    Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in a Mouse Model Deciphers Cell Transition States in the Multistep Development of Esophageal Cancer

    Researchers created a mouse model mimicking human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development and construct a single-cell ESCC developmental atlas.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Fusobacterium nucleatum Host-Cell Binding and Invasion Induces IL-8 and CXCL1 Secretion That Drives Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration

    Cytokine secretion from HCT116 cells and cellular migration were attenuated by inhibiting F. nucleatum host-cell binding and entry using galactose sugars, L-arginine, neutralizing membrane protein antibodies, or fap2 deletion. F. nucleatum also induced the mobilization of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
    [Science Signaling]

    Abstract

    Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induces Cardiac Injury through Polarizing Macrophages via Modulating MicroRNA-34a/Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Signaling

    Scientists investigated the roles of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, one of the widespread used immune checkpoint inhibitors, in the development of murine cardiac injury.
    [Cell Death & Disease]

    Full Article

    Dual Roles of PU.1 in the Expression of PD-L2: Direct Transactivation with IRF4 and Indirect Epigenetic Regulation

    The knockdown of the hematopoietic cell–specific transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4 decreased PD-L2 expression in GM-CSF-induced mouse bone marrow–derived dendritic cells.
    [Journal of Immunology]

    AbstractPress Release

    Loss of HDAC11 Accelerates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

    Scientists investigated for the first time the consequences of HDAC11 genetic impairment on skeletal muscle regeneration, a process principally dependent on its resident stem cells in coordination with infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells.
    [FEBS Journal]

    Abstract

    Fas Mutation Reduces Obesity by Increasing IL-4 and IL-10 Expression and Promoting White Adipose Tissue Browning

    Investigators evaluated the inflammatory cell population in the adipose tissue of MRL/lpr mice, which could potentially influence their lean phenotype. They compared beige fat activity between the MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    UBASH3A Deficiency Accelerates Type 1 Diabetes Development and Enhances Salivary Gland Inflammation in NOD Mice

    To further evaluate the role of UBASH3A in type 1 diabetes, scientists targeted Ubash3a in NOD mice using zinc-finger nuclease mediated mutagenesis.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    Sarsasapogenin Improves Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice

    Researchers showed that pretreatment with sarsasapogenin significantly inhibited acute adipose tissue inflammatory responses in LPS-treated mice.
    [Acta Pharmacologica Sinica]

    Abstract

    sTim-3 Alleviates Liver Injury via Regulation of the Immunity Microenvironment and Autophagy

    The authors investigated the role of soluble T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 in inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators.
    [Cell Death Discovery]

    Full Article

    T Cell-Specific Deletion of Pgam1 Reveals a Critical Role for Glycolysis in T Cell Responses

    Investigators assessed the role of glycolysis in the T cell-dependent immune response using T cell-specific Pgam1-deficient mice. Both CD8 and CD4 T cell-dependent immune responses were attenuated by Pgam1 deficiency.
    [Communications Biology]

    Full Article

    Learn about immunological considerations for hPSC banking by watching Dr. David Turner's webinar from the Nature Research Round Table on hPSC Quality
    REVIEWS

    Neutrophil Diversity and Plasticity in Tumor Progression and Therapy

    The authors surmise that neutrophils can provide tools to tailor current immunotherapy strategies and pave the way to myeloid cell-centred therapeutic strategies, which would be complementary to current approaches.
    [Nature Reviews Cancer]

    Abstract

    Cancer Immunotherapy with γδ T Cells: Many Paths Ahead of Us

    In addition to the T cell receptor, γδ T cells usually express activating natural killer (NK) receptors, such as NKp30, NKp44, or NKG2D which binds to stress-inducible surface molecules that are absent on healthy cells but are frequently expressed on malignant cells.
    [Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Talaris Therapeutics Announces First Patient Dosed in Phase III Clinical Trial of FCR001 in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients

    Talaris Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the first patient has been dosed in the FREEDOM-1 Phase III clinical trial of FCR001 in living donor kidney transplant recipients.
    [Talaris Therapeutics, Inc.]

    Press Release

    Aurinia Announces US Food and Drug Administration Acceptance of the Filing of New Drug Application and Priority Review for Voclosporin for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis

    Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced that the FDA has accepted the filing of its New Drug Application for voclosporin, as a potential treatment for lupus nephritis, a serious inflammation of the kidneys caused by the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus.
    [Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

    Press Release

    French Science Bill Promises Boost to Public R&D

    The French government this week unveiled a draft science bill that promises to increase public research spending with an extra €25 billion over the next ten years.
    [ScienceInsider]

    Editorial

    Foreign Researchers Accused of Hiding Links to Chinese Military

    Four Chinese nationals have been charged with visa fraud after revelations that they sent information on the layout of US labs and research carried out by colleagues back to China.
    [The Scientist]

    Editorial

    Clinical Trials Rebound After COVID-19 Crash, but Can Enrollment Gains Continue?

    For the hundreds of thousands of people enrolling in clinical trials every year—and for whom experimental therapies can offer a last hope—a new report provides some welcome news: Enrollment in clinical studies in the United States is on the rebound after disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
    [ScienceInsider]

    Editorial

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