Immune Regulation News Volume 12.32 | Sep 4 2020

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    IRN 12.32 | Sep 4


    Immune Regulation News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 12.32 – 4 September, 2020
    TOP STORY

    Cancer SLC43A2 Alters T Cell Methionine Metabolism and Histone Methylation

    Mechanistically, tumor cells avidly consumed methionine and outcompeted T cells for methionine by expressing high levels of the methionine transporter SLC43A2.
    [Nature]

    Abstract

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    NR4A
    Nuclear Receptors Restrain B Cell Responses to Antigen When Second Signals Are Absent or Limiting

    Scientists showed that Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 played partially redundant roles to restrain B cell responses to antigen in the absence of co-stimulation and did so, in part, by repressing the expression of BATF and, consequently, MYC.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    Dynamic
    Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Activity Is Essential for Normal B Cell Development

    Investigators showed how that HIF activity was high in human and murine bone marrow pro-B and pre-B cells and decreased at the immature B cell stage.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    Osteopontin
    Expression Identifies a Subset of Recruited Macrophages Distinct from Kupffer Cells in the Fatty Liver

    Scientists demonstrated that Kupffer cells (KCs) were reduced in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, being replaced by macrophages originating from the bone marrow. Recruited macrophages existed in two subsets with distinct activation states, either closely resembling homeostatic KCs or lipid-associated macrophages from obese adipose tissue.
    [Immunity]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Lung-Derived
    HMGB1 Is Detrimental for Vascular Remodeling of Metabolically Imbalanced Arterial Macrophages

    Acute lung injury-induced HMGB1 leaked and was captured by arterial macrophages thereby altering their mitochondrial metabolism through RIPK3.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Single-Cell
    RNA Sequencing Identifies Shared Differentiation Paths of Mouse Thymic Innate T Cells

    Researchers identified analogous effector subsets of three innate T cell types in the thymus that share transcriptional profiles.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Visualization of Human T Lymphocyte-Mediated Eradication of Cancer Cells In
    Vivo

    The authors report a living zebrafish model that allowed the visualization the metastatic cancer cell killing effect by tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CAR-T cells in vivo at the single-cell level. In a freshly isolated primary human melanoma, specific TILs effectively eliminated metastatic cancer cells in the living body.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

    Ataxin-1
    Regulates B Cell Function and the Severity of Autoimmune Experimental Encephalomyelitis

    Scientists showed that Atxn1-null mice developed a more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis course compared to wildtype mice. The aggravated phenotype was mediated by increased T helper type 1 cell polarization, which in turn resulted from the dysregulation of B cell activity.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Full Article

    Tumor-Infiltrating
    Regulatory T Cell Accumulation in the Tumor Microenvironment is Mediated by IL33/ST2 Signaling

    To characterize tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), investigators performed bulk RNA-seq and found that proliferation-related genes, immune suppression-related genes, and cytokine/chemokine receptor genes were upregulated in tumor-infiltrating Tregs compared to tumor-infiltrating CD4+Foxp3 conventional T cells or splenic Tregs from the same tumor-bearing mice.
    [Cancer Immunology Research]

    Abstract

    Autotaxin
    Loss Accelerates Intestinal Inflammation by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated Immune Responses

    TLR4‐induced innate immune functions, including phagocytosis and iNOS expression, were attenuated in autotaxin‐deficient macrophages.
    [EMBO Reports]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Fibrosis
    and Immune Cell Infiltration Are Separate Events Regulated by Cell-Specific Receptor Notch3 Expression

    Chimeric mice deficient for Notch3 in hematopoietic cells and/or resident tissue cells were generated, and kidney fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction were analyzed.
    [Journal of the American Society of Nephrology]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Chronic
    Activation of 4–1BB Signaling Induces Granuloma Development in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes That Is Detrimental to Subsequent CD8+ T Cell Responses

    Repeated exposure to anti-4-1BB mAbs led to granuloma development in tumor-draining lymph nodes of mice due to recruitment and accumulation of macrophages via the CD8+ T cell-IFN-γ axis.
    [Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

    Full Article

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    REVIEWS

    Soluble Ligands as Drug Targets

    The authors identify 291 drugs that target 99 unique ligands, and they discuss trends in the characteristics of the ligands, drugs and indications for which they have been tested.
    [Nature Reviews Drug Discovery]

    Full Article

    Cognitive Impact of Neuronal Antibodies: Encephalitis and Beyond

    Investigators describe the cognitive impairment associated with each antibody-mediated syndrome and, using evidence from imaging and animal studies, examined how the nature of the impairment related to the underlying neuroimmunological and receptor-based mechanisms.
    [Translational Psychiatry]

    Full Article

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Mustang Bio Announces Rare Pediatric Disease Designation for MB-207 for the Treatment of X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Previously Transplanted Patients

    Mustang Bio, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted Rare Pediatric Disease Designation to MB-207, Mustang’s lentiviral gene therapy for the treatment of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, also known as bubble boy disease, who were previously treated with a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and for whom re-treatment is indicated.
    [Mustang Bio, Inc.]

    Press Release

    Banner Life Sciences Announces BAFIERTAM, a Novel Oral Fumarate Treatment for Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis, is Now Available in the US

    Banner Life Sciences LLC announced that BAFIERTAM™ , a novel fumarate for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in adults, including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, has commercially launched and is now available in the US.
    [Banner Life Sciences LLC]

    Press Release

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    University of Washington – Seattle, Washington, United States

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