Immune Regulation News Volume 12.35 | Sep 25 2020

May 12, 2022

IRN 12.35 | Sep 25 2020

Immune Regulation News by STEMCELL Technologies

Vol. 12.35 – 25 September, 2020

TOP STORY

Functional Genomic Landscape of Cancer-Intrinsic Evasion of Killing by T Cells

Scientists performed genome-wide CRISPR screens across a panel of genetically diverse mouse cancer cell lines that were cultured in the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
[Nature]

Full Article

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Integration of Innate Immune Signaling by Caspase-8 Cleavage of N4BP1

Researchers identified NEDD4-binding protein 1 (N4BP1) as a suppressor of cytokine production that was cleaved and inactivated by caspase-8. N4BP1 deletion in mice increased production of select cytokines upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR7, or TLR9 stimulation, but not upon TLR3 or TLR4 engagement.
[Nature]

Abstract

HDAC6
Mediates an Aggresome-Like Mechanism for NLRP3 and Pyrin Inflammasome Activation

Investigators visualized inflammasome assembly by cellular imaging complemented by pharmacological inhibition and targeted deletion in cells and in mice.
[Science]

Abstract Graphical Abstract

Microbiome-Derived
Inosine Modulates Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

Researchers isolated three bacterial species-Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Olsenella species-that significantly enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in four mouse models of cancer.
[Science]

Abstract

Onco-Fetal
Reprogramming of Endothelial Cells Drives Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The hepatocellular carcinoma ecosystem displayed features reminiscent of fetal development, including re-emergence of fetal-associated endothelial cells and fetal-like tumor-associated macrophages.
[Cell]

Abstract Graphical Abstract

Stable
Human Regulatory T Cells Switch to Glycolysis following TNF Receptor 2 Costimulation

Scientists demonstrated that human thymus-derived Treg cells could become glycolytic in response to tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 costimulation.
[Nature Metabolism]

Abstract

Neutrophils Promote Clearance of Nuclear Debris Following Acid-Induced Lung Injury

Investigators observed accumulation of nuclear debris in the lungs of neutropenic mice exposed to acid-induced injury compared to wild-type. Size analysis of DNA-debris showed that neutropenic mice were unable to degrade extracellular DNA fragments.
[Blood]

Abstract

IL-33-ST2
Axis Regulates Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Activation Enabling Effective Club Cell Regeneration

Researchers demonstrated a protective function for the IL-33-ST2 axis in bronchial epithelial repair, and implicated ST2 in myeloid cell differentiation.
[Nature Communications]

Full Article

PD-L1
on Dendritic Cells Attenuates T Cell Activation and Regulates Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Scientists explored the functions of PD-L1 on dendritic cells (DCs), which highly express PD-L1. They observed that PD-L1 on DC played a critical role in limiting T cell responses.
[Nature Communications]

Full Article

Notch
Signaling Protects CD4 T Cells from STING-Mediated Apoptosis during Acute Systemic Inflammation

Using a γ-secretase inhibitor to block Notch signaling, researchers found that Notch protected CD4 T cells from STING-mediated apoptosis during endotoxemia.
[Science Advances]

Full Article

CD122-Selective
Il-2 Complexes Reduce Immunosuppression, Promote Treg Fragility, and Sensitize Tumor Response to PD-L1 Blockade

Despite strong tumor rejection, IL-2c unexpectedly lowered the tumor microenvironmental CD8⁺/Treg ratio. IL-2c reduced tumor microenvironmental Treg suppression and induced a fragile Treg phenotype, helping explain improved efficacy despite numerically increased Tregs without affecting Treg in draining lymph nodes.
[Cancer Research]

Abstract

A
Shedding Soluble Form of Interleukin-17 Receptor D Exacerbates Collagen-Induced Arthritis through Facilitating TNF-α-Dependent Receptor Clustering

Investigators showed that soluble glycosylated interleukin-17 receptor D, which was produced by proteolytic cleavage, enhanced TNF-α-induced rheumatoid arthritis.
[Cellular & Molecular Immunology]

Abstract

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REVIEWS

Stat2 Stability Regulation: An Intersection between Immunity and Carcinogenesis

The authors summarize the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT2) in immune responses and carcinogenesis with respect to the molecular mechanisms of STAT2 stability regulation via the proteasomal degradation pathway.
[Experimental and Molecular Medicine]

Full Article

INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

Medeor Therapeutics’ Transplant Immune Tolerance Therapy Receives Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy Designation from FDA

Medeor Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the FDA has granted a Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy designation to MDR-101, Medeor’s therapy designed to enable immune tolerance in kidney transplant patients, thereby eliminating the need for chronic immunosuppressive therapies.
[Medeor Therapeutics, Inc. (BusinessWire, Inc.)]

Press Release

FEATURED EVENT

Functional Genomic Landscape of Cancer-Intrinsic Evasion of Killing by T Cells

Integration of Innate Immune Signaling by Caspase-8 Cleavage of N4BP1

HDAC6
Mediates an Aggresome-Like Mechanism for NLRP3 and Pyrin Inflammasome Activation

Microbiome-Derived
Inosine Modulates Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

Onco-Fetal
Reprogramming of Endothelial Cells Drives Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Stable
Human Regulatory T Cells Switch to Glycolysis following TNF Receptor 2 Costimulation

Neutrophils Promote Clearance of Nuclear Debris Following Acid-Induced Lung Injury

IL-33-ST2
Axis Regulates Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Activation Enabling Effective Club Cell Regeneration

PD-L1
on Dendritic Cells Attenuates T Cell Activation and Regulates Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Notch
Signaling Protects CD4 T Cells from STING-Mediated Apoptosis during Acute Systemic Inflammation

CD122-Selective
Il-2 Complexes Reduce Immunosuppression, Promote Treg Fragility, and Sensitize Tumor Response to PD-L1 Blockade

A
Shedding Soluble Form of Interleukin-17 Receptor D Exacerbates Collagen-Induced Arthritis through Facilitating TNF-α-Dependent Receptor Clustering

Stat2 Stability Regulation: An Intersection between Immunity and Carcinogenesis

Medeor Therapeutics’ Transplant Immune Tolerance Therapy Receives Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy Designation from FDA

Gene Expression and Signaling in the Immune System

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Scientist – Molecular Biology, Virology or Immunology

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Position – Tissue Protective Functions of Macrophages

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