SCIENCE NEWS
Poorly Understood Cell Plays Role in Immunity Against the Flu
Researchers show, for the first time, that resident dendritic cells capture flu viruses, show them to B lymphocytes and launch an antibody attack. [Press release from Children’s Hospital Boston discussing online prepublication in Nature Immunology]
Immune Cells as Possible Nerve-Cell Killers in Alzheimer’s Disease
An international team under the leadership of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München has now shown that microglia cells may actually make a significant contribution to the loss of neurons associated with Alzheimer’s disease. [Press release from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München discussing online prepublication in Nature Neuroscience]
Newly-Identified Growth Factor Promotes Stem Cell Growth, Regeneration
Scientists have identified a new growth factor that stimulates the expansion and regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells in culture and in laboratory animals. [Press release from The Duke University Medical Center discussing the online prepublication in Nature Medicine]
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CURRENT PUBLICATIONS
Capture of Influenza by Medullary Dendritic Cells Via SIGN-R1 Is Essential for Humoral Immunity in Draining Lymph Nodes
A major pathway for B cell acquisition of lymph-borne particulate antigens relies on antigen capture by subcapsular sinus macrophages of the lymph node. Here researchers tested whether this mechanism is also important for humoral immunity to inactivated influenza virus. [Nat Immunol]
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Protects Against Loss of Epithelial Integrity and Mortality During Experimental Colitis
Researchers showed that mice deficient for Nlrp3 or ASC and caspase-1 were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. [Immunity]
Microglial Cx3cr1 Knockout Prevents Neuron Loss in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Two-photon in vivo imaging of neuron loss in the intact brain of living Alzheimer’s disease mice revealed an involvement of microglia in neuron elimination, indicated by locally increased number and migration velocity of microglia around lost neurons. [Nat Neurosci]
mTOR and GSK-3 Shape the CD4+ T Cell Stimulatory and Differentiation Capacity of Myeloid DC Following Exposure to LPS
Researchers show for the first time, that mouse or human dendritic cells (DC) generated under mTOR inhibition, exhibit markedly enhanced IL-12p70 production following LPS stimulation, despite impaired costimulatory molecule expression and poor T cell stimulatory ability. [Blood]
Wilms’ Tumor Gene 1 Protein Represses the Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 in Human Hematopoietic Progenitors and in Leukemic Cells
In this study, researchers show that overexpression of BCR/ABL1 in CD34+ progenitor cells leads to reduced expression of interferon regulatory factor 8, in addition to increased Wilms tumor gene 1 expression. [Leukemia]
CCR5 Dictates the Equilibrium of Proinflammatory IL-17+ and Regulatory Foxp3+ T Cells in Fungal Infection
CCR5 is a chemotactic mediator for inflammatory cells as well as regulatory T cells. In this study, researchers investigated the role of CCR5 during infection with the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. [J Immunol]
Expression of Cellular FLIP by B Cells Is Required for Their Participation in an Immune Response
High levels of the Fas-signaling antagonist cellular FLIP (cFLIP) in germinal center B cells suggests an important role for this factor during this stage of the T cell-dependent B cell immune response. To test this idea, researchers used mice with B cell-specific deletion of a floxed cFLIP allele. [J Immunol]
Transgenic Expression of TGF-Beta on Thyrocytes Inhibits Development of Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Increases Regulatory T Cells in Thyroids of NOD.H-2h4 Mice
The results suggest that spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis is inhibited in mice expressing transgenic TGF-Beta on thyrocytes, at least in part, because there is an increased frequency of regulatory T cells in their thyroids. [J Immunol]
Cytosolic Hsp60 Is Involved in the NF-KappaB-Dependent Survival of Cancer Cells via IKK Regulation
In this study, researchers demonstrate that the cytosolic Hsp60 promotes the TNF-alpha-mediated activation of the IKK/NF-kappaB survival pathway via direct interaction with IKKalpha/beta in the cytoplasm. [PLoS ONE]
New Insights Into the Role of VIP on the Ratio of T Cell Subsets During the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes
As the equilibrium between different T cell subsets is involved in the final outcome, leading to tolerance or autoimmunity, researchers studied the evolution of markers for T cells in nonobese diabetic mice. [Immunol Cell Biol]
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POLICY NEWS
It’s the Law of the Land: Health Overhaul Signed
Claiming a historic triumph that could define his presidency, a jubilant Barack Obama signed a massive, nearly $1 trillion health care overhaul on Tuesday that will for the first time cement insurance coverage as the right of every U.S. citizen and begin to reshape the way virtually all Americans receive and pay for treatment. [The White House, United States]
HHS Announces Additional $162 Million in Recovery Act Investment to Advance Widespread Meaningful Use of Health IT
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kathleen Sebelius announced awards to help states facilitate health information exchange and advance health information technology. [The Department of Health and Human Services, United States]
Instructions for Completion and Peer Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section in NIH Grant Applications and Cooperative Agreements (NOT-OD-10-027) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Recovery Act: Update on American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Quarterly Reporting Requirements for Non-Competing Continuation Awards and Relinquished Projects; and Guidance to Avoid Common Errors (NOT-OD-10-065) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Recovery Act: Reminders on Annual Reporting Requirements and Notice of Revised Financial Closeout Requirements for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act-Funded Administrative Supplements and Competitive Revisions (NOT-OD-10-066) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Recovery Act: Notice on the Proper Management of Recovery Act Spending to Promote Job Creation and Increase the Pace of Scientific Research; and Policy Limiting Second No-Cost Extensions to Recovery Act Grants (NOT-OD-10-067) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Request for Comments on Proposed NIH, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Center of Disease Control Process Change for Electronic Submission of Grant Applications (NOT-OD-10-068) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Amended NIH Policy on Submission of Late Grant Application Materials Prior to Initial Peer Review (NOT-OD-10-070) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Modification: This Notice modifies RFA-RM-10-001 (NOT-RM-10-005) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Modification to RFA-RM-09-019: Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award (U54) (NOT-RM-10-006) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
April 12, 2010: Blood Products Advisory Committee Meeting Announcement [Food and Drug Administration, United States]
Blood Products Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting [Food and Drug Administration, United States]
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POLICY NEWS
It’s the Law of the Land: Health Overhaul Signed
Claiming a historic triumph that could define his presidency, a jubilant Barack Obama signed a massive, nearly $1 trillion health care overhaul on Tuesday that will for the first time cement insurance coverage as the right of every U.S. citizen and begin to reshape the way virtually all Americans receive and pay for treatment. [The White House, United States]
HHS Announces Additional $162 Million in Recovery Act Investment to Advance Widespread Meaningful Use of Health IT
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kathleen Sebelius announced awards to help states facilitate health information exchange and advance health information technology. [The Department of Health and Human Services, United States]
Instructions for Completion and Peer Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section in NIH Grant Applications and Cooperative Agreements (NOT-OD-10-027) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Recovery Act: Update on American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Quarterly Reporting Requirements for Non-Competing Continuation Awards and Relinquished Projects; and Guidance to Avoid Common Errors (NOT-OD-10-065) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Recovery Act: Reminders on Annual Reporting Requirements and Notice of Revised Financial Closeout Requirements for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act-Funded Administrative Supplements and Competitive Revisions (NOT-OD-10-066) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Recovery Act: Notice on the Proper Management of Recovery Act Spending to Promote Job Creation and Increase the Pace of Scientific Research; and Policy Limiting Second No-Cost Extensions to Recovery Act Grants (NOT-OD-10-067) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Request for Comments on Proposed NIH, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Center of Disease Control Process Change for Electronic Submission of Grant Applications (NOT-OD-10-068) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Amended NIH Policy on Submission of Late Grant Application Materials Prior to Initial Peer Review (NOT-OD-10-070) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Modification: This Notice modifies RFA-RM-10-001 (NOT-RM-10-005) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
Modification to RFA-RM-09-019: Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award (U54) (NOT-RM-10-006) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
April 12, 2010: Blood Products Advisory Committee Meeting Announcement [Food and Drug Administration, United States]
Blood Products Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting [Food and Drug Administration, United States]
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