SCIENCE NEWS Children’s Gut Bacteria Linked to Type I Diabetes Researchers have found that the variety of bacteria in a child’s digestive tract is strongly linked to whether that child develops type I diabetes. [Press release from the University of Florida discussing online prepublication in The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology] UF Scientists Discover Clues to Inflammatory Disease Through the lens of two inflammation-related diseases, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis, researchers identified changes in specific proteins linked to the action of macrophages. [University of Florida Press Release] First Step to New Therapy for Chronic Bowel Disease Scientists have discovered that A20 protein plays an important protective role in diseases associated with chronic bowel inflammation. [VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology) Press Release] After 40 Years, NIH-Supported Researchers Identify Possible New Treatment for Severe Vasculitis Investigators have made a major advance in treating people with a severe form of vasculitis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, a rare but devastating disease of blood vessels. [Press release from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases discussing online prepublication in The New England Journal of Medicine] Researchers Create Tumor-Fighting Immune Cells, Watch in Real Time as They Kill Cancer Researchers created a large, well-armed battalion of tumor-seeking immune system cells and used positron emission tomography (PET) to watch in real time as these special forces traveled throughout the body to locate and attack dangerous melanomas. [Press release from the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center discussing online prepublication in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America]
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CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal) Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Researchers conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority trial of rituximab (375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks) as compared with cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for remission induction. [N Engl J Med] Rational Design of Envelope Identifies Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies to HIV-1 Researchers used knowledge of HIV-1 envelope (Env) structure to develop antigenically resurfaced glycoproteins specific for the structurally conserved site of CD4 receptor binding. [Science] T Cells Expressing the Transcription Factor PLZF Regulate the Development of Memory-Like CD8+ T Cells Several gene-deficiency models promote the development of innate CD8+ T cells that have diverse T cell antigen receptors but have a memory phenotype and rapidly produce cytokines. Researchers demonstrate here that similar cells developed in mice deficient in the transcription factor KLF2. [Nat Immunol] Type I Interferons Regulate Cytolytic Activity of Memory CD8+ T Cells in the Lung Airways During Respiratory Virus Challenge Here, researchers demonstrate that although airway-resident memory CD8+ T cells were poorly cytolytic, memory CD8+ T cells recruited to the airways early during a recall response showed markedly enhanced cytolytic ability. [Immunity] Repetitive Antigen Stimulation Induces Stepwise Transcriptome Diversification but Preserves a Core Signature of Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation Here researchers showed that repetitive antigen stimulations induced accumulation of memory CD8+ T cells with uniform effector memory characteristics. [Immunity] K33-Linked Polyubiquitination of T Cell Receptor-Zeta Regulates Proteolysis-Independent T Cell Signaling Researchers describe that in mice deficient in the E3 ubiquitin ligases Cbl-b and Itch, T cell activation was augmented, accompanied by spontaneous autoimmunity. [Immunity] Kinetic Phases of Distribution and Tumor Targeting by T Cell Receptor Engineered Lymphocytes Inducing Robust Antitumor Responses Adoptive cell transfer of splenocytes from fully immunocompetent HLA-A2.1/Kb mice transduced with a chimeric murine/human T cell receptor specific for tyrosinase, together with lymphodepletion conditioning, dendritic cell-based vaccination, and high-dose interleukin-2, had profound antitumor activity against large established MHC- and antigen-matched tumors. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] Toward Defining the Autoimmune Microbiome for Type I Diabetes High-throughput, culture-independent approaches identified bacteria that correlate with the development of type I diabetes-associated autoimmunity in young children who are at high genetic risk for this disorder. [ISME J] CD30 Discriminates Heat Shock Protein 60-Induced FOXP3+CD4+ T Cells with a Regulatory Phenotype In this study, researchers demonstrate that highly suppressive FOXP3+ regulatory T cells can be induced in vitro by the activation of CD4+CD25- T cells with the self-antigen human 60-kDa heat shock protein. [J Immunol] Regulatory B Cells (B10 Cells) and Regulatory T Cells Have Independent Roles in Controlling Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Initiation and Late-Phase Immunopathogenesis This study demonstrates that the number of endogenous or adoptively transferred B10 cells directly influenced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis through their production of IL-10. [J Immunol]
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POLICY NEWS Harold Varmus Sworn in as National Cancer Institute’s 14th Director Nobel Prize winner Harold E. Varmus, M.D., took the oath of office to become the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) 14th director. NCI is one of the 27 Institutes and Centers that comprise the National Institutes of Health (NIH). [National Institutes of Health, United States] Britain Delays Controversial Assessment Scheme for Research Britain’s new science minister made good a manifesto pledge when he announced that the coalition government would delay for one year the implementation of the controversial Research Excellence Framework, a system of assessing university departments for the distribution of funding. [Ministry of Universities and Science, United Kingdom] Spanish Science Spending Lockdown Spain’s science and innovation minister said that research funding will be “frozen or minimally reduced” as a result of government-wide austerity measures. [Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain] Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee (CLIAC); Notice of Meeting [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States] Request for Information (RFI) on the National Institutes of Health Plan to Develop the Genetic Testing Registry; Notice [National Institutes of Health, United States] Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Notice of Closed Meeting [National Institutes of Health, United States] National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Notice of Closed Meeting [National Institutes of Health, United States] Notice of Intent to Publish a Request for Applications for Tumor Microenvironment Network (TMEN) (NOT-CA-10-032) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
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EVENTS Frontiers in Immunology Research (FIRN) 2010 International Conference July 22-26, 2010 Athens, Greece CHI’s 5th Annual Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Summit (ImVacS) August 17-19, 2010 Cambridge, United States 14th International Congress of Immunology August 22-27, 2010 Kobe, Japan Select Biosciences 3rd Annual Stem Cells Europe Conference August 24-25, 2010 Edinburgh, Scotland Select Biosciences Inaugural Cellular Therapy Summit August 24-25, 2010 Edinburgh, Scotland Select Biosciences 7th Annual RNAi & miRNA Europe September 14-15, 2010 Dublin, Ireland Immunology & Microbiology, Genetics & Genomics, Development, Other September 18-22, 2010 Barcelona, Spain Cell Symposia: Inflammation and Disease September 26-28, 2010 Lisbon, Portugal 11th International Symposium on Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology – DC2010: Forum on Vaccine Science September 26-30, 2010 Lugano, Switzerland 5th International Conference on Gene Regulation in Lymphocyte Development October 9-14, 2010 Chania, Greece Autumn Immunology Conference 2010 November 19-22, 2010 Chicago, United States Cell Symposia: Influenza – Translating Basic Insights December 2-4, 2010 Washington, D.C., United States Visit our events page to stay up to date with the latest events in the cell, gene and immunotherapy community.
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