SCIENCE NEWS Penn Study Shows Two-Sided Immune Cell Could be Harnessed to Shrink Tumors Researchers have discovered how a stimulatory molecule and a protein found on the membrane of another immune cell make T helper 17 cells multi-taskers of sorts. [Press release from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discussing online prepublication in Science Translational Medicine] Macrophage Protein Has Major Role in Inflammation Researchers have discovered that a multi-tasking protein FoxO1 has another important but previously unknown function: It directly interacts with macrophages, promoting an inflammatory response that can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. [Press release from the University of California, San Diego discussing online prepublication in The EMBO Journal] NIH Scientists Discover Secrets of Helper T Cells Involved in Autoimmunity Scientists have redefined the roles of several cytokines involved in the generation of immune cells implicated in severe autoimmune diseases. The study in mice showed that development of T helper 17 (Th17) immune cells can occur without the presence of transforming growth factor-beta, a mediator thought to be required for Th17 cell development. [Press release from the National Institutes of Health discussing online prepublication in Nature]
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CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal) Generation of Pathogenic TH17 Cells in the Absence of TGF-Beta Signaling Here, researchers show that CD4+ T helper 17 cell (Th17) differentiation can occur in the absence of TGF-beta signaling. [Nature] Plasma Cells Negatively Regulate the Follicular Helper T Cell Program B lymphocytes differentiate into antibody-secreting cells under the antigen-specific control of follicular helper T cells. Here, researchers demonstrate that isotype-switched plasma cells expressed major histocompatibility complex class II, the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and the intracellular machinery required for antigen presentation. [Nat Immunol] A Genetically Selective Inhibitor Demonstrates a Function for the Kinase Zap70 in Regulatory T Cells Independent of its Catalytic Activity Researchers found that conventional naive, effector and memory T cells were dependent on the kinase activity of Zap70 for their activation, which demonstrated a nonredundant role for Zap70 in signals induced by the T cell antigen receptor. [Nat Immunol] CD1a-Autoreactive T Cells are a Normal Component of the Human AlphaBeta T Cell Repertoire Using an experimental system that bypasses major histocompatibility complex restriction and the requirement for defined antigens, researchers show that polyclonal T cells responded at higher rates to cells expressing CD1a than to those expressing CD1b, CD1c or CD1d. [Nat Immunol] CD4+ T Cells Contribute to the Remodeling of the Microenvironment Required for Sustained Tumor Regression upon Oncogene Inactivation Here, researchers show that an intact immune system, specifically CD4+ T cells, is required for the induction of cellular senescence, shutdown of angiogenesis, and chemokine expression resulting in sustained tumor regression upon inactivation of the MYC or BCR-ABL oncogenes in mouse models of T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and pro-B cell leukemia, respectively. [Cancer Cell] Regulation of Cytokine Secretion in Human CD127+ LTi-Like Innate Lymphoid Cells by Toll-Like Receptor 2 The results indicate that human LTi-like innate lymphoid cells (ILC) can directly sense bacterial components and unravel a previously unrecognized functional heterogeneity among this important population of ILC. [Immunity] Regulation of Steady-State Neutrophil Homeostasis by Macrophages By conditionally deleting the anti-apoptotic gene cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in myeloid cells, researchers have generated a novel mouse model deficient in marginal zone and bone marrow stromal macrophages. [Blood] Slc15a4, AP-3, and Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Proteins are Required for Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Researchers designed a genetic screen to identify proteins required for the development and specialized function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Negatively Regulates Dendritic Cell Immunogenicity via a Kynurenine-Dependent Mechanism Here, researchers show that lipopolysaccharide and CpG stimulate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, they found that Ahr is required to induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression, an immunosuppressive enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine and other metabolites in dendritic cells. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Monocyte Function to Suppress T Cell Proliferation In this paper, researchers report that suppression of mitogen-induced T cell proliferation by human umbilical cord-, bone marrow-, and cord blood-mesenchymal stromal cells required monocytes. [J Immunol] The Inducible Costimulator (ICOS) Is Critical for the Development of Human Th17 Cells The findings reveal a vital role for ICOS signaling in the generation and maintenance of human Th17 cells and suggest that components of this pathway could be therapeutically targeted to treat cancer or chronic infection and, conversely, that interruption of this pathway may have utility in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune syndromes. [Sci Transl Med]
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INDUSTRY NEWS ChemoCentryx Reports One-Year Results from PROTECT-1 Study Demonstrating Traficet-EN’s Effectiveness in Treating Patients with Crohn’s Disease at the United European Gastroenterology Federation (UEGW) Meeting ChemoCentryx, Inc., announced that it reported one-year results from the Company’s PROTECT-1 Study (the Prospective Randomized Oral Therapy Evaluation in Crohn’s disease Trial) of Traficet-EN™ (CCX282-B) in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease. [ChemoCentryx, Inc. Press Release] Pharmasan Labs, Inc. Wins Grant for Novel Immune Tolerance Test (ITT)-Cytokine Platform Pharmasan Labs, Inc. and NeuroScience, Inc. announce that Pharmasan Labs is the recipient of a $244,479 grant under the highly competitive Qualifying Therapeutic Discovery Project (QDTP) Program established by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. [NeuroScience, Inc. Press Release] Aduro BioTech Awarded $442,000 Under U.S. Qualified Therapeutic Discovery Project Program Aduro BioTech announced that it has been awarded two cash grants totaling approximately $442,000 under the U.S. Government’s Qualifying Therapeutic Discovery Project (QTDP) program. [BusinessWire] Karyopharm Lands $20 Million in Series A Karyopharm Therapeutics has completed a $20 million Series A round of financing with the help of unidentified backers, according to a company press release. [FierceBiotech]
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POLICY NEWS NIH Introduces Images, a Database of Images in Biomedical Literature More than 2.5 million images and figures from medical and life sciences journals are now available through Images, a new resource for finding images in biomedical literature. [National Institutes of Health, United States] NIH Recovery Act Grants to Foster Scientific Workforce Diversity The National Institutes of Health has awarded six grants totaling approximately $12 million over three years through a new initiative aimed at fostering a diverse scientific workforce. [National Institutes of Health, United States] Guidelines for Use of Stored Specimens and Access to Ancillary Data and Proposed Cost Schedule: Stored Biologic Specimens and Ancillary Data From the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) (FR Doc. 2010-27183) [National Institutes of Health, United States] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Notice of Closed Meetings (FR Doc. 2010-27319) [National Institutes of Health, United States] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Notice of Meetings (FR Doc. 2010-27318) [National Institutes of Health, United States] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-26889) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-27325) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings (FR Doc. 2010-27185) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings (FR Doc. 2010-27192) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-27039) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-27040) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings (FR Doc. 2010-27049) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings (FR Doc. 2010-26881) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-26935) [National Institutes of Health, United States] National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-27410) [National Institutes of Health, United States] Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health; Notice of Meeting (FR Doc. 2010-27187) [National Institutes of Health, United States]
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EVENTS (Listed by Date) The 8th Asia Pacific Congress of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology November 6-9, 2010 Singapore GTCbio 8th Annual Vaccines: “All Things Considered” Conference November 8-9, 2010 Washington, D.C., United States 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology November 11-16, 2010 Phoenix, United States Understanding Dendritic Cells and Their Ability to Regulate Immune Responses November 12, 2010 Hertfordshire, United Kingdom 39th Autumn Immunology Conference November 19-22, 2010 Chicago, United States American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Tumor Immunology – Basic and Clinical Advances November 30-December 3, 2010 Miami, United States Cell Symposia: Influenza – Translating Basic Insights December 2-4, 2010 Washington, D.C., United States 5th Annual Stem Cell Meeting on the Mesa December 7, 2010 La Jolla, United States The 50th Midwinter Conference of Immunologists at Asilomar January 22-25, 2011 Pacific Grove, United States Phacilitate 7th Annual Cell & Gene Therapy Forum 2011 January 24-26, 2011 Washington, D.C., United States Phacilitate 9th Annual North American Vaccine Forum January 24-26, 2011 Washington, D.C., United States AACR-ACS Joint Meeting on Chemistry in Cancer Research: The Biological Chemistry of Inflammation as a Cause of Cancer January 30-February 2, 2011 San Diego, United States Keystone Symposia: Dendritic Cells and the Initiation of Adaptive Immunity February 12-17, 2011 Santa Fe, United States Keystone Symposia: Genetics, Immunology and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis February 15-20, 2011 Taos, United States Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference 2011 February 16-18, 2011 Lorne, Australia 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2011) February 27-March 2, 2011 Boston, United States The 6th International Conference on Oncolytic Viruses as Cancer Therapeutics March 16-19, 2011 Las Vegas, United States 2011 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) Annual Meeting March 18-22, 2011 San Francisco, United States Microbiota and Mucosal Immunology: The Interface in Health and Disease April 14-16, 2011 San Francisco, United States GTCbio 2nd International Conference on Cancer Immunotherapy & Immunomonitoring May 2-5, 2011 Budapest, Hungary American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ASGCT) 14th Annual Meeting May 18-21, 2011 Seattle, United States Gordon Research Conference: Viruses & Cells May 29-June 3, 2011 Lucca (Barga), Italy Visit our events page to stay up to date with the latest events in the cell, gene and immunotherapy community.
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