The Autoimmune Disease–Associated PTPN22 Variant Promotes Calpain-Mediated Lyp/Pep Degradation Associated with Lymphocyte and Dendritic Cell Hyperresponsiveness Researchers show here that mice expressing the Lyp variant homolog Pep619W manifest thymic and splenic enlargement accompanied by increases in T-cell number, activation and positive selection and in dendritic- and B-cell activation. [Nat Genet] Broad Neutralization Coverage of HIV by Multiple Highly Potent Antibodies Here researchers probed the neutralizing antibody repertoires of four human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected donors with remarkably broad and potent neutralizing responses and rescued 17 new monoclonal antibodies that neutralize broadly across clades. [Nature] Different Patterns of Peripheral Migration by Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Here, using mice, investigators show key differences in the migration and tissue localization of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following infection of the skin by herpes simplex virus. [Nature] TSLP Promotes Interleukin-3-Independent Basophil Haematopoiesis and Type 2 Inflammation Here researchers demonstrate that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) promotes systemic basophilia, that disruption of TSLP–TSLPR interactions results in defective basophil responses, and that TSLPR-sufficient basophils can restore T-helper type 2-cell-dependent immunity in vivo. [Nature] Repression of the Genome Organizer SATB1 in Regulatory T Cells Is Required for Suppressive Function and Inhibition of Effector Differentiation Here researchers report that repression of SATB1, a genome organizer that regulates chromatin structure and gene expression, was crucial for the phenotype and function of regulatory T cells. [Nat Immunol] Tight Regulation of Memory CD8+ T Cells Limits Their Effectiveness During Sustained High Viral Load Herein, by comparing the responses of memory and naive CD8+ T cells to acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, researchers show that memory cells dominated over naive cells and were protective when present in sufficient numbers to quickly reduce infection. [Immunity] Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Inhibits T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation and Confers Treatment Effects of Neural Progenitor Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Disease Here, investigators showed that intravenous administration of neural progenitor cells ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by selectively inhibiting pathogenic T helper 17 cell differentiation. [Immunity] Nucleic Acid-Binding Polymers as Anti-Inflammatory Agents The polymers represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory agent that can act as molecular scavengers to neutralize the proinflammatory effects of various nucleic acids. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Structural and Functional Characterization of a Single-Chain Peptide–MHC Molecule That Modulates Both Naive and Activated CD8+ T Cells The study suggests the potential of single-chain peptide–MHC tetramers as possible therapeutic agents in autoimmune disease. Their ability to affect the fate of naive and activated CD8+ T cells makes them a potential intervention strategy in early and late stages of disease. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Live and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Induce Similar Humoral Responses, but Only Live Vaccines Induce Diverse T-Cell Responses in Young Children Prime/boost combinations of live attenuated or inactivated influenza vaccines (LAIV and TIV, respectively) in young children were safe and induced similar protective antibodies. Only LAIV induced CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells relevant for broadly protective heterosubtypic immunity. [J Infect Dis] |