Immune Regulation News Volume 3.30 | Aug 19 2011

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    Immune Regulation News 3.30, August 19, 2011
         In this issue: Science News | Current Publications | Industry News | Policy News | Events
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    TOP STORY

    Researchers First Worldwide to Discover Pivotal New Clue in the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Autoimmune Diseases
    Researchers identified the exact means by which an alteration in the gene PTPN22 increases risk for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. [Press release from Mount Sinai Hospital discussing online prepublication in Nature Genetics]

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    SCIENCE NEWS

    Strengthening Fragile Immune Memories to Fight Chronic Infections
    Researchers have identified the conditions that make memory T cells slip away during persistent infections. They have also shown that a molecule called 2B4 on memory cells causes them to slow down during chronic infections. [Press release from EurekAlert! discussing online prepublication in Immunity]

    New Anti-Inflammatory Agents Silence Overactive Immune Response
    A new way to fight inflammation uses molecules called polymers to mop up the debris of damaged cells before the immune system becomes abnormally active. [Press release from Duke University Medical Center discussing online prepublication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA]

    AIDS Researchers Isolate New Potent and Broadly Effective Antibodies Against HIV
    A team of researchers report the isolation of 17 novel antibodies capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of variants of HIV. [Press release from The Scripps Research Institute discussing online prepublication in Nature]

    Slowing the Allergic March: Researchers Identify a Target That Could Combat Allergies of Early Childhood
    Researchers identified that expression of the protein TSLP may influence susceptibility to multiple allergic diseases by regulating the maturation of basophils. [Press release from Penn Medicine discussing online prepublication in Nature]

    Any Prime-Boost Mix of Injected or Spray Flu Vaccine Shields Toddlers
    Researchers found that young children who received at least one dose of the nasal spray vaccine made a wide array of immune T cells. [Press release from the National Institutes of Health discussing online prepublication in the Journal of Infectious Diseases]

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    CURRENT PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by Impact Factor of the Journal)

    The Autoimmune Disease–Associated PTPN22 Variant Promotes Calpain-Mediated Lyp/Pep Degradation Associated with Lymphocyte and Dendritic Cell Hyperresponsiveness
    Researchers show here that mice expressing the Lyp variant homolog Pep619W manifest thymic and splenic enlargement accompanied by increases in T-cell number, activation and positive selection and in dendritic- and B-cell activation. [Nat Genet]

    Broad Neutralization Coverage of HIV by Multiple Highly Potent Antibodies
    Here researchers probed the neutralizing antibody repertoires of four human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected donors with remarkably broad and potent neutralizing responses and rescued 17 new monoclonal antibodies that neutralize broadly across clades. [Nature]

    Different Patterns of Peripheral Migration by Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells
    Here, using mice, investigators show key differences in the migration and tissue localization of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following infection of the skin by herpes simplex virus. [Nature]

    TSLP Promotes Interleukin-3-Independent Basophil Haematopoiesis and Type 2 Inflammation
    Here researchers demonstrate that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) promotes systemic basophilia, that disruption of TSLP–TSLPR interactions results in defective basophil responses, and that TSLPR-sufficient basophils can restore T-helper type 2-cell-dependent immunity in vivo. [Nature]

    Repression of the Genome Organizer SATB1 in Regulatory T Cells Is Required for Suppressive Function and Inhibition of Effector Differentiation
    Here researchers report that repression of SATB1, a genome organizer that regulates chromatin structure and gene expression, was crucial for the phenotype and function of regulatory T cells. [Nat Immunol]

    Tight Regulation of Memory CD8+ T Cells Limits Their Effectiveness During Sustained High Viral Load
    Herein, by comparing the responses of memory and naive CD8+ T cells to acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, researchers show that memory cells dominated over naive cells and were protective when present in sufficient numbers to quickly reduce infection. [Immunity]

    Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Inhibits T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation and Confers Treatment Effects of Neural Progenitor Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Disease
    Here, investigators showed that intravenous administration of neural progenitor cells ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by selectively inhibiting pathogenic T helper 17 cell differentiation. [Immunity]

    Nucleic Acid-Binding Polymers as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    The polymers represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory agent that can act as molecular scavengers to neutralize the proinflammatory effects of various nucleic acids. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]

    Structural and Functional Characterization of a Single-Chain Peptide–MHC Molecule That Modulates Both Naive and Activated CD8+ T Cells
    The study suggests the potential of single-chain peptide–MHC tetramers as possible therapeutic agents in autoimmune disease. Their ability to affect the fate of naive and activated CD8+ T cells makes them a potential intervention strategy in early and late stages of disease. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]

    Live and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Induce Similar Humoral Responses, but Only Live Vaccines Induce Diverse T-Cell Responses in Young Children
    Prime/boost combinations of live attenuated or inactivated influenza vaccines (LAIV and TIV, respectively) in young children were safe and induced similar protective antibodies. Only LAIV induced CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells relevant for broadly protective heterosubtypic immunity. [J Infect Dis]

    INDUSTRY NEWS

    Mayo Clinic Receives FDA Approval for Ovarian and Breast Cancer Vaccines
    Mayo Clinic has received investigational new drug approval from the Food and Drug Administration for two new cancer vaccines that mobilize the body’s defense mechanisms to destroy malignant cells. [Mayo Clinic Press Release]

    Dendreon Corporation CEO Mitchell H. Gold to Receive 2011 Grace Award from Cancer Research Institute (CRI): CRI to Honor Gold’s Leadership in Advancing First FDA-Approved Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine
    The Cancer Research Institute, Inc. announced that Mitchell H. Gold, M.D. will receive the 2011 Oliver R. Grace Award for Distinguished Service in Advancing Cancer Research. [Cancer Research Institute, Inc. Press Release]

    POLICY NEWS

    National Institutes of Health (United States)

    Food and Drug Administration (United States)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (United States)

    European Medicines Agency (European Union)

    Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom)

    Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia)

    EVENTS

    NEW Irish Society for Immunology Meeting 2011
    September 1-2, 2011
    Galway, Ireland

    Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the immune regulation community.

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